深海鉆井氣侵檢測(cè)裝置硬件設(shè)計(jì)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-07 20:01
【摘要】：深海石油鉆井過(guò)程中非常關(guān)心的一個(gè)問(wèn)題是早期氣侵檢測(cè),也就是提前檢測(cè)出氣侵發(fā)生,如果發(fā)現(xiàn)較晚,就會(huì)發(fā)生難以控制的井噴事件,造成不可估量的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。早期氣侵檢測(cè)的傳統(tǒng)方法使用鉆井液增量或者井涌壓力變化等作為氣侵發(fā)生指示器,但是這些方法的檢測(cè)結(jié)果太過(guò)粗糙,也不可靠。而對(duì)于造價(jià)昂貴的離岸深海鉆井來(lái)說(shuō),其先進(jìn)的井控技術(shù)卻需要更可靠的早期氣侵檢測(cè)結(jié)果才能在氣侵發(fā)生時(shí)采取最優(yōu)的井控措施。與傳統(tǒng)方法不同,本課題提出的超聲波氣侵檢測(cè)方法在檢測(cè)靈敏度、反應(yīng)速度、成本和安裝難易方面具有自身優(yōu)勢(shì)。超聲波氣侵檢測(cè)方法的理論依據(jù)是利用超聲波在鉆井液傳播過(guò)程中會(huì)對(duì)上升運(yùn)動(dòng)的氣泡產(chǎn)生反射而形成的的多普勒效應(yīng),這種效應(yīng)的強(qiáng)度與上升運(yùn)動(dòng)氣泡的大小和數(shù)量即氣侵程度有直接關(guān)系,最終也會(huì)反映在信號(hào)的幅值特征上。本課題研究的重點(diǎn)是依據(jù)超聲波多普勒原理設(shè)計(jì)出一套深海氣侵檢測(cè)裝置。首先,本文對(duì)氣侵研究的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行總結(jié),了解目前一些氣侵研究方法及早期氣侵檢測(cè)發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。接下來(lái),分別從超聲波氣侵檢測(cè)原理、深海工作方案設(shè)計(jì)、傳感器特性、裝置機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)以及檢測(cè)裝置硬件設(shè)計(jì)幾個(gè)方面展開(kāi)討論。硬件設(shè)計(jì)是本文的重點(diǎn),包括硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)和驅(qū)動(dòng)程序設(shè)計(jì)。硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)從功能的角度可分為三個(gè)部分:超聲波激勵(lì)信號(hào)產(chǎn)生、回波接收、系統(tǒng)控制和信號(hào)處理,設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中,檢測(cè)裝置工作穩(wěn)定性、控制靈活性以及工作效能等被充分考慮,保證檢測(cè)裝置長(zhǎng)時(shí)間穩(wěn)定地在深海工作。硬件驅(qū)動(dòng)程序設(shè)計(jì)是硬件電路功能的延伸,包括增益控制、信號(hào)采集、數(shù)據(jù)處理和通信等幾個(gè)方面,目的是使系統(tǒng)控制更加靈活、工作更加自主、適應(yīng)能力更強(qiáng)。在硬件調(diào)試和實(shí)驗(yàn)部分,分別測(cè)試了檢測(cè)裝置的主要電子性能和實(shí)施了模擬深海氣侵過(guò)程甲烷溶解與析出試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明檢測(cè)裝置的軟硬件配合能使其穩(wěn)定地工作,整個(gè)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)對(duì)氣侵發(fā)生的過(guò)程變化反應(yīng)敏感,并能一定程度上表征管道內(nèi)的氣侵程度。最后,對(duì)課題工作進(jìn)行總結(jié),并對(duì)課題研究的一些不足和下一階段的工作進(jìn)行展望,以期使氣侵檢測(cè)裝置完全滿足深海鉆井早期氣侵檢測(cè)的要求。
[Abstract]:In the process of deep sea oil drilling, one of the most important problems is the early detection of gas invasion, that is, early detection of gas invasion. If it is found late, there will be an uncontrollable blowout event, resulting in incalculable loss of life and property. The traditional methods of early gas invasion detection use drilling fluid increment or wellbore pressure change as indicators of gas invasion, but the results of these methods are too rough and unreliable. For the expensive offshore deep-sea drilling, its advanced well control technology needs more reliable early gas invasion detection results in order to take the best well control measures when the gas invasion occurs. Different from the traditional methods, the ultrasonic gas invasion detection method proposed in this paper has its own advantages in detection sensitivity, reaction speed, cost and easy installation. The theory of ultrasonic gas invasion detection method is based on the Doppler effect, which is formed by the reflection of the rising bubble by ultrasonic wave in the process of drilling fluid propagation. The intensity of this effect is directly related to the size and quantity of the rising bubble, that is, the degree of gas invasion, and will eventually be reflected in the amplitude characteristics of the signal. The focus of this research is to design a set of deep-sea gas invasion detection device based on ultrasonic Doppler principle. Firstly, the current situation of gas invasion research is summarized, and some methods of gas invasion research and the development trend of early gas invasion detection are understood. Then, the principle of ultrasonic gas invasion detection, the design of deep-sea work scheme, the characteristics of sensors, the design of the device machinery and the hardware design of the detection device are discussed respectively. Hardware design is the focus of this paper, including hardware circuit design and driver design. Hardware circuit design can be divided into three parts from the point of view of function: ultrasonic excitation signal generation, echo receiving, system control and signal processing. The control flexibility and working efficiency are fully considered to ensure the detection device to work in the deep sea for a long time and stably. The design of hardware driver is an extension of the function of hardware circuit, including gain control, signal acquisition, data processing and communication, etc. The purpose of the design is to make the system more flexible, more autonomous and more adaptable. In the part of hardware debugging and experiment, the main electronic properties of the detection device and the methane dissolution and precipitation test of simulated deep-sea gas invasion process are tested, respectively. The results show that the combination of software and hardware of the detection device can make it work stably. The whole detection system is sensitive to the change of gas invasion and can represent the degree of gas invasion in the pipeline to some extent. Finally, the research work is summarized, and some shortcomings of the research and the next stage of the work are prospected, in order to make the gas invasion detection device fully meet the requirements of the early stage of deep-sea drilling gas invasion detection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE951
本文編號(hào)：2317424
[Abstract]:In the process of deep sea oil drilling, one of the most important problems is the early detection of gas invasion, that is, early detection of gas invasion. If it is found late, there will be an uncontrollable blowout event, resulting in incalculable loss of life and property. The traditional methods of early gas invasion detection use drilling fluid increment or wellbore pressure change as indicators of gas invasion, but the results of these methods are too rough and unreliable. For the expensive offshore deep-sea drilling, its advanced well control technology needs more reliable early gas invasion detection results in order to take the best well control measures when the gas invasion occurs. Different from the traditional methods, the ultrasonic gas invasion detection method proposed in this paper has its own advantages in detection sensitivity, reaction speed, cost and easy installation. The theory of ultrasonic gas invasion detection method is based on the Doppler effect, which is formed by the reflection of the rising bubble by ultrasonic wave in the process of drilling fluid propagation. The intensity of this effect is directly related to the size and quantity of the rising bubble, that is, the degree of gas invasion, and will eventually be reflected in the amplitude characteristics of the signal. The focus of this research is to design a set of deep-sea gas invasion detection device based on ultrasonic Doppler principle. Firstly, the current situation of gas invasion research is summarized, and some methods of gas invasion research and the development trend of early gas invasion detection are understood. Then, the principle of ultrasonic gas invasion detection, the design of deep-sea work scheme, the characteristics of sensors, the design of the device machinery and the hardware design of the detection device are discussed respectively. Hardware design is the focus of this paper, including hardware circuit design and driver design. Hardware circuit design can be divided into three parts from the point of view of function: ultrasonic excitation signal generation, echo receiving, system control and signal processing. The control flexibility and working efficiency are fully considered to ensure the detection device to work in the deep sea for a long time and stably. The design of hardware driver is an extension of the function of hardware circuit, including gain control, signal acquisition, data processing and communication, etc. The purpose of the design is to make the system more flexible, more autonomous and more adaptable. In the part of hardware debugging and experiment, the main electronic properties of the detection device and the methane dissolution and precipitation test of simulated deep-sea gas invasion process are tested, respectively. The results show that the combination of software and hardware of the detection device can make it work stably. The whole detection system is sensitive to the change of gas invasion and can represent the degree of gas invasion in the pipeline to some extent. Finally, the research work is summarized, and some shortcomings of the research and the next stage of the work are prospected, in order to make the gas invasion detection device fully meet the requirements of the early stage of deep-sea drilling gas invasion detection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE951
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 申銀;水聲通信發(fā)射模塊設(shè)計(jì)[D];電子科技大學(xué);2018年
，本文編號(hào)：2317424
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