發(fā)布時間：2018-10-31 07:06

【摘要】：天然氣在管道內(nèi)輸送和處理的過程中,容易形成天然氣水合物堵塞管道、設(shè)備,甚至可以導(dǎo)致爆炸,不同程度的損害人身安全以及企業(yè)利益。本文首先介紹了天然氣水合物的結(jié)構(gòu),天然氣水合物的生成對實際生產(chǎn)造成影響。然后對水合物壓力、溫度預(yù)測的經(jīng)驗圖解法、相平衡計算法進行了對比綜述分析,并結(jié)合實際生產(chǎn),提出了水合物形成的條件因素,壓力和溫度,這兩個因素對天然氣水合物的形成,起到了決定性的作用,并通過水合物生成及分解規(guī)律實驗,根據(jù)圖解法和觀察法,和記錄下的壓力,溫度,時間的數(shù)據(jù),開展規(guī)律分析研究,驗證了壓力升高,溫度降低等因素對水合物生成的影響。最后根據(jù)天然的生成條件提出了預(yù)防水合物形成的具體措施,分別為提高天然氣流動溫度、降低壓力、干燥氣體、添加抑制劑四種方法,提高天然氣流動溫度、降低壓力這兩種方法應(yīng)用在一些生產(chǎn)情況下具有條件性,而添加抑制劑方法,通過生產(chǎn)實踐的觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),加入甲醇抑制劑可使水合物分解,有效的防止天然氣水合物的形成,避免管線的凍堵,效果良好。甲醇抑制劑的可行性在生產(chǎn)實踐中得到了應(yīng)用與驗證。此項研究結(jié)合生產(chǎn)實際,對天然氣水合物的預(yù)防和治理等具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:It is easy to form gas hydrate to block the pipeline, equipment and even cause explosion in the process of transportation and treatment of natural gas in pipeline, damage to personal safety and interests of the enterprise in varying degrees. In this paper, the structure of natural gas hydrate is introduced, and the formation of gas hydrate affects the actual production. Then, the empirical graphic method of hydrate pressure and temperature prediction and the calculation method of phase equilibrium are compared and analyzed. Combined with actual production, the conditions for hydrate formation, pressure and temperature are put forward. These two factors play a decisive role in the formation of natural gas hydrate, and through the experiment of hydrate formation and decomposition law, according to the graphic method and observation method, and recorded the pressure, temperature, time data, The effects of pressure rise and temperature decrease on hydrate formation were verified. Finally, according to the natural formation conditions, the specific measures to prevent hydrate formation are put forward, which are to increase the flow temperature of natural gas, reduce the pressure, dry the gas, and add inhibitors to increase the flow temperature of natural gas. The two methods of reducing pressure are used in some production conditions, but the adding of inhibitor method, through the observation of production practice, shows that adding methanol inhibitor can decompose the hydrate and prevent the formation of natural gas hydrate effectively. Avoid the freezing of the pipeline, the effect is good. The feasibility of methanol inhibitor has been applied and verified in production practice. This study is of great practical significance for the prevention and control of natural gas hydrate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE88
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本文編號：2301342