發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-22 13:58

【摘要】：在國(guó)內(nèi)外低油價(jià)的刺激下,我國(guó)的原油進(jìn)口量迎來了自2010年以來的最大增幅。面對(duì)日益龐大的原油進(jìn)口量,隨之相應(yīng)的便是在油品運(yùn)輸裝卸過程中產(chǎn)生的大量油品蒸發(fā)損耗量。在碼頭原油全年不斷地收發(fā)過程中,會(huì)有一大部分油氣不可避免地逸散到空氣中。這些油氣不僅會(huì)威脅到員工的身心健康,給企業(yè)造成經(jīng)濟(jì)損耗,同時(shí)也會(huì)嚴(yán)重污染環(huán)境,因此,開展碼頭原油油氣回收工作對(duì)保障油品儲(chǔ)運(yùn)行業(yè)節(jié)能高效發(fā)展有著重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文以中化興中石油轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)(舟山)有限公司的碼頭原油油氣揮發(fā)為背景,采取吸收法作為碼頭原油油氣的回收方法,借助實(shí)驗(yàn)和軟件模擬,得到了以下結(jié)論及成果:(1)搭建油氣回收吸收法的實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),從以下三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究,分別是:吸收劑的種類,吸收液的噴淋量和油氣吸收溫度。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):首先,當(dāng)硅油作為原油油氣的吸收劑時(shí),油氣回收的效率相對(duì)較高,此時(shí)的回收效率為E=91.67%。其次,回收效率在一定范圍內(nèi)隨著溫度的升高而緩慢增加,當(dāng)吸收溫度在15℃左右時(shí),此時(shí)的吸收效率最高;當(dāng)吸收溫度超過30℃之后,回收效率急劇降低。另外,吸收液的噴淋量對(duì)吸收塔吸收效果的影響也較大,噴淋量在一定范圍內(nèi)越大,吸收的效果也越好,特別是在2-6L/h的范圍內(nèi)變化時(shí),回收效率的變化更加明顯。(2)本文運(yùn)用響應(yīng)面優(yōu)化法,借助Box-Behnken中心組合實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)原理對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)中所測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化分析。本實(shí)驗(yàn)共設(shè)計(jì)17組獨(dú)立實(shí)驗(yàn),選取X1,X2和X3三個(gè)自變量作為響應(yīng)面試驗(yàn)的因素,以油氣回收效率為響應(yīng)值(Y)。各因素經(jīng)回歸擬合后,在X1=15,X2=10,X3=1時(shí),即在油氣吸收溫度為15℃,吸收液噴淋量為10L/h,選用硅油作為吸收劑時(shí),油氣回收效率取得理論最大值。最終,根據(jù)響應(yīng)面和等高線圖,得到以下結(jié)論:影響油氣回收效率的因素大小排序?yàn)?因素A(吸收劑的種類)B因素(吸收液的噴淋量)C因素(原油油氣溫度)。(3)為驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性,利用化工過程模擬軟件Aspen Plus對(duì)吸收法的油氣揮發(fā)過程進(jìn)行了模擬。通過設(shè)置與實(shí)驗(yàn)相同的參數(shù),計(jì)算得出該油氣吸收工藝過程的油氣處理效率為E=(1-0.0835)×100%=91.65%,數(shù)據(jù)與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果基本吻合。
[Abstract]:Under the stimulation of low oil prices at home and abroad, China's crude oil imports have witnessed the largest increase since 2010. In the face of the increasing import of crude oil, the evaporation loss of a large amount of oil is produced in the course of oil transportation and loading and unloading. A great deal of oil and gas inevitably dissipates into the air throughout the year. These hydrocarbons will not only threaten the physical and mental health of employees, cause economic losses to enterprises, but also seriously pollute the environment. It is of great practical significance to carry out oil and gas recovery in wharf to ensure energy saving and efficient development of oil storage and transportation industry. Based on the volatilization of crude oil and gas in the terminal of Sinochem Xinxing PetroChina (Zhoushan) Co., Ltd., the absorption method is adopted as the recovery method of crude oil and gas at the wharf, with the aid of experiment and software simulation. The following conclusions and achievements are obtained: (1) the experimental platform of oil and gas recovery and absorption method is built, and the experimental research is carried out from the following three aspects: the type of absorbent, the spray amount of absorbent and the absorption temperature of oil and gas. The experimental results show that: firstly, when silicone oil is used as absorbent of crude oil and gas, the recovery efficiency of oil and gas is relatively high, and the recovery efficiency is 91.67. Secondly, the recovery efficiency increases slowly with the increase of temperature in a certain range. When the absorption temperature is about 15 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2287344