本文選題：原油降粘 + 超聲波電源��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國境內開采的原油多為高凝點的石蠟基原油,隨著運輸過程中溫度逐漸降低,原油中石蠟不斷析出,原油粘度升高,流動性變差,在輸油管壁形成結蠟現(xiàn)象,對運輸效率造成了不良影響。超聲波降粘技術可破壞石蠟晶體結構,原油降粘效果良好且不產(chǎn)生多余雜質。超聲波電源是超聲波降粘系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,其性能對原油降粘效果至關重要。本文對超聲波電源在原油降粘應用中的工作方式進行分析,研制可以應用于原油降粘的超聲波電源。本文首先根據(jù)超聲波原油降粘工況,并對原油降粘用換能器進行阻抗特性分析,明確超聲波電源的技術指標并提出總體設計方案。以IGBT為功率元件、采用全橋逆變電路實現(xiàn)輸出驅動換能器的高頻交流電,其中逆變電路所需的直流電由不可控整流濾波電路輸出;為了抑制逆變電路中IGBT關斷時各極之間產(chǎn)生的浪涌電壓,在各極之間并聯(lián)瞬態(tài)電壓抑制二極管防止IGBT被擊穿。對IGBT的驅動要求進行探討,設計具有隔離功能的驅動電路,使用遲滯比較器構成過流保護電路。以STM32F407為主控芯片設計超聲波電源的控制系統(tǒng),采用輸出互補PWM信號模式驅動全橋逆變電路,并利用旋轉編碼器實現(xiàn)PWM信號的頻率和占空比調節(jié),由此實現(xiàn)對超聲波電源的頻率和功率的調節(jié),以適應原油降粘過程中換能器因負載阻抗變化而導致的頻率漂移。換能器在諧振頻率下工作時的等效負載是容性,利用交流電直接驅動將產(chǎn)生大量無用功,導致?lián)Q能器的熱損,影響換能器的工作壽命。建立換能器的等效電路模型,根據(jù)阻抗分析結果設計調諧匹配電路,在仿真平臺Saber中建立超聲波電源模型,進行調諧匹配仿真分析。針對換能器在原油降粘過程中的匹配失諧現(xiàn)象,研制可調匹配電感,實現(xiàn)電感的無級連續(xù)調節(jié)。此外,根據(jù)阻抗匹配原理,對高頻變壓器進行詳細設計。最后,本文對超聲波電源進行測試,在示波器上得到電源各環(huán)節(jié)的輸出波形,對比串聯(lián)調諧匹配和LC型匹配網(wǎng)絡,測試結果表明LC型匹配的調諧效果更佳且具有濾波功能。使用本文研制的超聲波電源驅動換能器進行原油降粘實驗,對比分析超聲波處理前后的原油粘度,發(fā)現(xiàn)超聲波能夠有效降低原油粘度。
[Abstract]:Most of the crude oil mined in China is paraffin based crude oil with high condensate point. With the temperature gradually decreasing during transportation, paraffin wax in crude oil continuously precipitates, the viscosity of crude oil increases, the fluidity becomes poor, and wax deposit is formed on the oil pipeline wall. It has a negative impact on transport efficiency. Ultrasonic viscosity reduction technology can destroy the crystal structure of paraffin, and the viscosity reduction effect of crude oil is good and no excess impurities are produced. Ultrasonic power supply is an important part of ultrasonic viscosity reducing system, and its performance is very important to the viscosity reduction effect of crude oil. In this paper, the working mode of ultrasonic power supply in the application of oil viscosity reduction is analyzed, and the ultrasonic power source which can be used in crude oil viscosity reduction is developed. In this paper, according to the condition of ultrasonic oil viscosity reduction, the impedance characteristic of the transducer for oil viscosity reduction is analyzed, and the technical specifications of ultrasonic power supply are defined and the overall design scheme is put forward. Using IGBT as power element, the output drive converter is realized by full-bridge inverter circuit, in which the DC of inverter circuit is output by uncontrollable rectifier filter circuit. In order to suppress the surge voltage between the poles when IGBT is turned off in the inverter circuit, the transient voltage suppression diodes are paralleled between the poles to prevent the IGBT from being broken down. The driving requirements of IGBT are discussed, the drive circuit with isolation function is designed, and the over-current protection circuit is constructed by using hysteresis comparator. The control system of ultrasonic power supply is designed with STM32F407 as the main control chip. The full-bridge inverter circuit is driven by output complementary PWM signal mode, and the frequency and duty cycle of PWM signal are adjusted by rotary encoder. Thus, the frequency and power of ultrasonic power supply can be adjusted to adapt to the frequency drift caused by load impedance change in the process of oil viscosity reduction. The equivalent load of the transducer working at the resonant frequency is capacitive. The direct drive of AC will produce a lot of useless power, which will lead to the heat loss of the transducer and affect the working life of the transducer. The equivalent circuit model of the transducer is established, and the tuning matching circuit is designed according to the results of impedance analysis. The ultrasonic power supply model is established in the simulation platform Saber, and the tuning matching simulation analysis is carried out. Aiming at the matching detuning of the transducer in the process of viscosity reduction of crude oil, the adjustable matching inductor is developed to realize the stepless and continuous regulation of the inductor. In addition, according to the principle of impedance matching, the high frequency transformer is designed in detail. Finally, the ultrasonic power supply is tested in this paper. The output waveforms of each link of the power supply are obtained on the oscilloscope. Compared with the series tuning matching and the LC matching network, the test results show that the LC matching tuning effect is better and has filtering function. The viscosity reduction experiment of crude oil is carried out by using the transducer driven by ultrasonic power supply developed in this paper. The viscosity of crude oil before and after ultrasonic treatment is compared and analyzed. It is found that ultrasonic wave can effectively reduce the viscosity of crude oil.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE868;TB55

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