發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-14 02:35

  本文選題：砂-泥互層地層 + 斷裂帶內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)��； 參考：《東北石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：斷層做為流體運(yùn)移通道或者遮擋物取決于其所發(fā)育的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),斷裂帶具有斷層核和破碎帶二元結(jié)構(gòu)。斷層核是吸收斷裂大部分位移的部分,包括斷層巖、透鏡體、滑動(dòng)面等,破碎帶中發(fā)育伴生的次級(jí)微構(gòu)造。本文在充分調(diào)研砂巖和泥巖中斷裂變形機(jī)制和內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上,以秦皇島柳江盆地低孔隙性砂-泥互層和柴達(dá)木盆地高孔隙性砂-泥互層斷裂帶為解剖對(duì)象,深入研究了高、低孔隙性砂-泥互層地層內(nèi)斷裂微觀變形機(jī)制、微構(gòu)造類型及斷裂帶結(jié)構(gòu)特征,探索斷裂帶內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)形成演化的過程及流體運(yùn)移的規(guī)律,為斷層封閉性、流體沿?cái)嗔堰\(yùn)移規(guī)律和油氣在斷層附近聚集規(guī)律的研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。秦皇島柳江盆地黑山窯村剖面斷裂帶解剖表明,低孔隙性砂-泥互層地層內(nèi)發(fā)育的斷裂帶其變形以破裂為主,斷層核中發(fā)育滑動(dòng)面、斷層角礫巖、斷層泥、泥巖涂抹以及砂巖透鏡體;破碎帶中主要發(fā)育產(chǎn)狀與斷層面近平行和共軛的兩組裂縫,裂縫密度隨距斷層核距離增加而逐漸減小。部分角礫巖帶和破碎帶內(nèi)裂縫充填方解石,表明該類型斷裂帶為流體垂向運(yùn)移的通道。對(duì)比不同斷距斷裂帶內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)特征,斷裂帶具有從無斷層核破碎帶一元模式向不連續(xù)斷層核破碎帶二元模式再向連續(xù)斷層核破碎帶二元模式逐漸演化的模式。柴達(dá)木盆地高孔隙性砂-泥互層地層內(nèi)斷裂帶解剖表明,高孔隙砂巖形成的微構(gòu)造類型為變形帶,變形帶比母巖孔滲性要低,其類型又可按照成巖階段和泥質(zhì)含量分為解聚帶、碎裂帶和層狀硅酸鹽帶。高孔隙砂-泥互層斷裂帶演化是源于變形帶的發(fā)展,巖石受力首先形成單一的變形帶,而后發(fā)生應(yīng)變硬化作用使其進(jìn)一步形成簇狀變形帶,伴隨流體參與及斷層泥作用發(fā)生應(yīng)變軟化,形成滑動(dòng)面并演化為斷層。低孔隙巖石中趨于形成高孔隙裂縫和高滲透性斷裂帶,高孔隙巖石變形趨向于形成低孔隙的變形帶和低滲透性斷裂帶,斷裂對(duì)儲(chǔ)層具有反向改造作用,導(dǎo)致斷層封閉類型和油氣聚集模式存在很大差異。低孔隙性儲(chǔ)層內(nèi)形成斷層油氣藏,由于斷裂帶自身不具有封閉能力,斷層側(cè)向巖性對(duì)接為主要封閉類型,由于直接蓋層較薄,只有區(qū)域性蓋層受斷裂錯(cuò)斷才能形成一定規(guī)模對(duì)接,因此致密儲(chǔ)層斷層油氣藏受區(qū)域性蓋層和巖性對(duì)接雙重因素封閉作用,形成塊狀斷層油氣藏。油氣聚集模式有三個(gè)典型特征:一是油氣富集在區(qū)域性蓋層和較厚的局部性蓋層之下;二是圈閉范圍內(nèi)最小斷距決定油(氣)—水界面,最大斷距決定烴柱高度;三是油氣主要富集在斷裂上升盤。高孔隙性儲(chǔ)層中斷裂帶封閉類型為斷層巖封閉,油氣在斷層附近聚集依靠斷層巖封閉和局部性蓋層,形成層狀斷層油氣藏。
[Abstract]:Fault as a fluid migration channel or barrier depends on its internal structure. The fault zone has dual structure of fault nucleus and broken zone. The fault nucleus is the part that absorbs most of the displacement of the fault, including fault rock, lens, sliding surface and so on. The secondary microstructures developed in the fracture zone are associated with each other. On the basis of investigating fully the deformation mechanism and internal structure of the faults in sandstone and mudstone, this paper takes the low-porosity sand and mud interbed zones in Liujiang Basin of Qinhuangdao Basin and the high-porosity sand and mud interbedded fault zones in Qaidam Basin as anatomical objects, and deeply studies the high porosity. The micro deformation mechanism of faults, the types of microstructures and the structural characteristics of fault zones in the low porosity sand-mud interbedded strata, the process of formation and evolution of the internal structure of the fault zone and the law of fluid migration are explored, which are fault sealing. The study of fluid migration along the fault and the accumulation of oil and gas near the fault lay the foundation. The dissection of the fault zone in Heishanyaocun section of Liujiang Basin, Qinhuangdao shows that the deformation of the fault zone developed in the interbedded layer of low-porosity sand and mud is dominated by fracture, and the slip surface, fault breccia, fault gouge are developed in the fault nucleus. The mudstone smear and sandstone lens are mainly developed in the fractured zone. The fracture density decreases with the increase of the distance from the fault nucleus. Some breccia zones and fracture zones are filled with calcite, indicating that this type of fault zone is a channel for vertical fluid migration. By comparing the internal structural characteristics of different fault zones, the fault zone has a gradual evolution model from the monolithic mode of the non-fault core fracture zone to the binary model of the discontinuous fracture zone and to the binary model of the continuous fault core fracture zone. The dissection of fault zone in high porosity sand and mud interbedded strata in Qaidam Basin shows that the microstructural type of high porosity sandstone is deformation zone, and the deformation zone is lower than the porosity and permeability of parent rock, and its type can be divided into deaggregating zones according to diagenetic stage and argillaceous content. Fragmentation zone and layered silicate zone. The evolution of the high porosity sand / mud interbedded fault zone originated from the development of the deformation zone. The rock formed a single deformation zone at first and then formed a cluster deformation zone by strain hardening. Along with fluid participation and fault gouging, strain softening occurs, forming sliding surface and evolving into fault. High porosity fracture and high permeability fracture zone are formed in low porosity rock, and deformation of high porosity rock tends to form low porosity deformation zone and low permeability fault zone. The fault seal types and oil and gas accumulation patterns are very different. Fault reservoirs are formed in low porosity reservoirs. Because the fault zone itself does not have the sealing ability, the lateral lithology of the fault is the main sealing type, and the direct capping is relatively thin. Only the regional caprock can form a certain scale docking by fault, so the tight reservoir fault reservoir is sealed by regional caprock and lithologic docking, forming block fault oil and gas reservoir. There are three typical characteristics of oil and gas accumulation pattern: one is that oil and gas are enriched under regional caprock and thicker local caprock, the other is that the minimum fault distance determines oil (gas-water interface, maximum fault distance determines the height of hydrocarbon column) in trap range; Third, oil and gas are mainly enriched in the uplift plate of fault. The sealing type of fault zone in high porosity reservoir is fault rock seal. The accumulation of oil and gas in the vicinity of fault depends on fault rock seal and local capping to form stratified fault reservoir.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13

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