發(fā)布時間：2018-05-13 21:03

  本文選題：Spar平臺 + 渦激運動��； 參考：《中國海洋大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著海洋石油開發(fā)逐漸從近海向深水發(fā)展,一些用于深水開發(fā)的海洋采油平臺成為研究的熱點,Spar平臺是20世紀末才被實際應(yīng)用到海洋石油開發(fā)中的,是較為年輕的一種平臺,具有良好的穩(wěn)定性,便利性,經(jīng)濟性,因此具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。而Spar平臺在一定來流作用下會發(fā)生由于尾流渦旋脫落引起的渦激運動,對立管以及錨泊系統(tǒng)的疲勞壽命有著嚴重影響,因此,對Spar平臺的渦激運動特性進行研究有著重要意義。目前對Spar平臺的渦激運動研究以縮尺模型實驗居多,但縮尺模型實驗中往往選擇弗汝德相似準則進行縮尺,從而根據(jù)縮尺模型的實驗結(jié)果外推原型Spar平臺的渦激運動特性,這是有所欠缺的,因為引起平臺渦激運動的尾流渦旋泄放與雷諾數(shù)、約化速度Ur密切相關(guān)。在模型實驗中如果不能保證比例模型和原型在雷諾數(shù)上一致,那么比例模型和原型的振動特性在相似關(guān)系上會出現(xiàn)一定程度的不符。尤其對于Spar平臺的縮尺模型實驗,如果采用弗汝德相似準則進行縮尺實驗,由于采用的縮尺比很小,雷諾數(shù)在模型和原型之間將發(fā)生數(shù)量級上的跨越,這對于實驗結(jié)果的可靠性有著較大影響。因此,本文在第三章著重對縮尺比例模型實驗中所采用的相似準則進行了探討,主要對全相似模型、雷諾相似模型和弗汝德相似模型這三種縮尺模型進行了比較研究,通過數(shù)值模擬方法和實驗方法最終認為,在渦激振動(渦激運動)的縮尺實驗研究中,應(yīng)首先考慮雷諾相似準則進行縮尺,而通過弗汝德相似準則進行縮尺的模型其振動特性不能與原型滿足相應(yīng)的比例關(guān)系�；�于Spar平臺渦激運動實驗研究存在的缺陷,本文在第四章通過MATLAB軟件編程對Spar平臺的渦激運動進行研究分析。在大多數(shù)CFD軟件中對渦激振動(渦激運動)的計算并不考慮結(jié)構(gòu)自身速度和加速度對流體反作用力,本文在編程中對該影響進行了考慮,而且目前對于阻尼的計算,往往將結(jié)構(gòu)阻尼和流體阻尼合并為一個阻尼參量,本文將結(jié)構(gòu)阻尼和流體阻尼分開進行計算,建立了考慮輻射阻尼時Spar平臺渦激運動的動力模型,比較分析了輻射阻尼對渦激運動的影響,同時對Spar平臺橫蕩,縱蕩,橫搖和縱搖四個自由度的運動進行耦合求解。為了驗證該數(shù)值模型的正確性,本文在第五章通過模型實驗進行比較分析,此時數(shù)值模型采用實際模型實驗中的各類參數(shù)進行計算,將計算結(jié)果同實驗結(jié)果進行比較,結(jié)果表明,此數(shù)值模型能較好的符合實際實驗情況。本文在第六章對Spar平臺的渦激運動進行了數(shù)值模擬研究,基于ANSYS-CFX對Spar平臺實際尺寸及來流條件下的渦激運動進行了比較分析。通過不同流速下的數(shù)值模擬研究發(fā)現(xiàn),盡管Spar平臺在水深方向截面尺寸發(fā)生變化,但渦旋脫落卻有著較強的一致性,并不因截面變化而變化,三維效應(yīng)明顯。另外在第六章本文還運用之前所編譯的渦激運動程序進行了數(shù)值計算,并將結(jié)果同數(shù)值模擬的結(jié)果進行比較,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),由于編程考慮了輻射阻尼,編程計算所得的縱蕩幅值響應(yīng)較數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果小得多,而縱蕩均值同數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果能很好吻合,編程計算所得的橫蕩響應(yīng)在數(shù)值模擬的非鎖定區(qū)流速下同數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果能較好的吻合。由于橫蕩運動足Spar平臺渦激運動中最重要的主導運動,可見本文所編譯的Spar平臺渦激運動的分析程序是有一定適用性的。在第七章本文通過CFD方法對螺旋側(cè)板的抑渦作用進行了機理性研究,建立了帶側(cè)板和無側(cè)板的流場數(shù)值模型。通過對兩種模型的渦旋泄放和升阻力系數(shù)的比較分析發(fā)現(xiàn),螺旋側(cè)板的存在能明顯降低升力系數(shù)幅值,但會增加拖曳力系數(shù)均值,螺旋側(cè)板的存在還會對尾流渦泄周期產(chǎn)生影響。通過對帶側(cè)板模型不同分段的升阻力系數(shù)比較發(fā)現(xiàn),流場模型自上而下有著一致的渦旋脫落周期,而且各分段上的升力系數(shù)幅值均大幅減小,并不是疊加后才產(chǎn)生總體升力系數(shù)幅值的減小,這和之前很多學者關(guān)于螺旋側(cè)板能降低結(jié)構(gòu)整體的升力系數(shù)的研究結(jié)果并不沖突。本文通過數(shù)值編程計算、模型實驗和數(shù)值模擬這三種方法對Spar平臺的渦激運動進行了研究分析,得出了一些較為可靠的結(jié)論,對于實際工程應(yīng)用非常有益。但是由于Spar平臺的渦激運動研究在國內(nèi)外都是比較新的課題,本文還是存在很多方面需要深入研究。
[Abstract]:With the development of offshore oil development from offshore to deep water, some offshore oil extraction platforms used for deep water development have become a hot spot of research. The Spar platform was actually applied to offshore oil development at the end of the twentieth Century. It is a relatively young platform with good stability, convenience and economy, so it has a wide application. The vortex induced vortex shedding motion caused by the wake vortex shedding will occur in the Spar platform, and the fatigue life of the opposing tube and the anchorage system is seriously affected. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the characteristics of the vortex induced motion of the Spar platform. At present, the study of the vortex induced motion of the Spar platform is mostly based on the scale model experiment. However, in the scale model experiment, the Froude similarity criterion is often used to scale the scale, so that the vortex induced motion characteristics of the prototype Spar platform are extrapolated according to the experimental results of the scale model, because the vortex discharge of the wake vortex induced by the platform vortex is closely related to the Reynolds number and the reduction rate of Ur. The proportion model and the prototype are consistent with the Reynolds number, then the vibration characteristics of the proportional model and the prototype will appear to a certain degree of discrepancy. Especially for the scale model experiment of the Spar platform, the Reynolds number is between the model and the prototype, if the scale ratio is very small, if the Froude similarity criterion is used. This will have a great impact on the reliability of the experimental results. Therefore, in the third chapter, the similarity criterion used in the scale scale model experiment is discussed, and the three scale models, such as the fully similar model, the Reynolds similarity model and the Froude similar model, are compared. The numerical simulation method and the experimental method finally think that in the scale experiment of vortex excited vibration (vortex induced motion), the Reynolds similarity criterion should be taken into account first, and the vibration characteristic of the scale model can not satisfy the proportional relationship with the prototype by the Froude similarity criterion. The experimental study on the vortex excitation based on the Spar platform In the fourth chapter, in the fourth chapter, the vortex excited motion of the Spar platform is studied and analyzed. In most CFD software, the calculation of vortex excited vibration (vortex excited motion) does not take into account the reaction force of the structure itself velocity and acceleration. In this paper, the effect is considered in the program, and the current resistance is considered. The structural damping and fluid damping are often combined into a damping parameter. In this paper, the structural damping and fluid damping are calculated separately. The dynamic model of the vortex induced motion of the Spar platform is established in consideration of the radiation damping. The effect of the radiation damping on the vortex excitation is compared and analyzed, and the Spar platform is swaying, sway, rolling and longitudinal. In order to verify the correctness of the four degree of freedom motion, in order to verify the correctness of the numerical model, the fifth chapter is compared and analyzed in the model experiment. At this time, the numerical model is calculated by various parameters in the actual model experiment, and the results are compared with the experimental results. The results show that the numerical model can be better. In the sixth chapter, the numerical simulation of vortex induced motion of Spar platform is studied in this paper. Based on ANSYS-CFX, the actual size of the Spar platform and the vortex excited motion under the flow condition are compared. The numerical simulation study under different flow velocities shows that the Spar platform changes in the depth of the water depth. But the vortex shedding has a strong consistency, it does not change with the cross section, and the three-dimensional effect is obvious. In addition, the numerical calculation is carried out in the sixth chapter, which is compiled before the use of the vortex excited motion program. The results are compared with the numerical simulation results. It is found that the programming calculation results from the programming calculation because of the programming consideration. The amplitude response of the longitudinal amplitudes is much smaller than that of the numerical simulation results, and the mean of the sway is in good agreement with the numerical simulation results. The yaw response obtained by the programming calculation is in good agreement with the numerical simulation results under the numerical simulation of the flow velocity in the unlocked region. The most important leading motion in the vortex motion of the Spar platform of the sway motion can be seen in this paper. The analysis program of the eddy excited motion of the compiled Spar platform has some applicability. In the seventh chapter, the vortex action of the spiral side plate is studied by the CFD method, and the numerical model of the flow field with the side plate and the non side plate is established. The spiral side is found by comparing the vortex discharge and the rise resistance coefficient of the two models. The existence of the plate can obviously reduce the lift coefficient amplitude, but it will increase the mean of the drag coefficient, and the existence of the spiral side will have an effect on the wake vorticity cycle. The flow model has a uniform vortex shedding period from top to bottom and the lift coefficient on each section. The amplitude of the total lift coefficient is reduced greatly, and the amplitude of the overall lift coefficient is reduced. This is not in conflict with the previous research results on the lifting coefficient of the spiral side plate which can reduce the overall lift force. In this paper, the three methods of numerical programming, model experiments and numerical simulations have been carried out on the vortex induced motion of the Spar platform. Some more reliable conclusions are obtained, which are very useful for practical engineering applications. However, the study of vortex induced motion of Spar platform is a new topic both at home and abroad. There are still many aspects in this paper that need to be studied in depth.

【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE95

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