發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-13 09:00

  本文選題：滾筒抽油機(jī) + 差動(dòng)輪系��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)今世界,石油仍是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的支柱能源。隨著油田開采速度的加快,我國各大油田的主要油區(qū)已處于高含水開采階段,油井深度不斷增大,抽油機(jī)懸點(diǎn)載荷也越來越大,造成油面的高度和填充率的不斷變化。在這種工況下,目前廣泛應(yīng)用的游梁抽油機(jī)由于其固有結(jié)構(gòu)的限制,往往會(huì)產(chǎn)生空抽和液擊現(xiàn)象,會(huì)大大降低開采效率并降低設(shè)備壽命,且其平衡效果差,能耗高的缺點(diǎn)也日益凸顯。因此,現(xiàn)階段對(duì)抽油機(jī)的基本要求是沖程長,沖程沖次易于調(diào)節(jié),且能耗低。無游梁滾筒式抽油機(jī)以其易于實(shí)現(xiàn)上述功能而備受重視,但由于缺乏可靠的調(diào)速換向機(jī)構(gòu),目前滾筒抽油機(jī)的應(yīng)用并不廣泛。本文旨在為滾筒抽油機(jī)研制出一種具有可靠性高、能耗低、沖程沖次易于調(diào)節(jié)、自動(dòng)化程度高的調(diào)速換向裝置——差動(dòng)調(diào)速換向裝置,為長沖程抽油機(jī)的推廣和應(yīng)用提供保障。首先,設(shè)計(jì)差動(dòng)調(diào)速換向裝置的總體方案,規(guī)劃懸點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律并詳細(xì)地驗(yàn)證了其效率。其次,分析抽油機(jī)的懸點(diǎn)載荷,確定構(gòu)件受力及配重(編寫了MATLAB求解程序,對(duì)不同采油工況,只需輸入相應(yīng)參數(shù)即可得出對(duì)應(yīng)的配重大小),并在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)差動(dòng)調(diào)速換向裝置的機(jī)械部分——調(diào)速部分、換向部分、工作部分——進(jìn)行了具體的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。隨后,建立整個(gè)裝置的三維模型來檢驗(yàn)其裝配干涉,使用ADAMS虛擬樣機(jī)技術(shù)對(duì)其進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)與動(dòng)力學(xué)分析,并用有限元方法驗(yàn)證了關(guān)鍵零部件件的強(qiáng)度。最后,設(shè)計(jì)了差動(dòng)調(diào)速換向裝置的電氣控制系統(tǒng)。當(dāng)該裝置用于不同油井或采油工況(沖程和沖次)改變時(shí),只需根據(jù)工況規(guī)劃出新的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,重新設(shè)定PLC控制程序參數(shù)即可,而不需要做其他調(diào)整,非常方便經(jīng)濟(jì)。選用這種差動(dòng)調(diào)速換向裝置的滾筒抽油機(jī)可應(yīng)用于大多數(shù)油井和多種采油工況,能夠大規(guī)模推廣使用。本文研制的滾筒抽油機(jī)差動(dòng)調(diào)速換向裝置解決了制約滾筒抽油機(jī)推廣的換向、調(diào)速問題,為滾筒抽油機(jī)的推廣打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In today's world, oil is still the mainstay of economic development. With the rapid development of oil fields, the main oil fields in China have been in the stage of high water cut, the depth of oil wells is increasing, and the load of pumping units is increasing, which results in the constant change of oil level height and filling rate. Under this condition, because of the limitation of its inherent structure, the widely used beam pumping unit often produces the phenomenon of air pumping and liquid shock, which will greatly reduce the mining efficiency and the equipment life, and its balance effect is poor. The drawback of high energy consumption is also increasingly prominent. Therefore, the basic requirements for pumping units at present are long stroke, easy to adjust stroke times, and low energy consumption. The non-beam roller pumping unit is paid more attention to because it is easy to realize the above functions. However, due to the lack of reliable speed regulating and reversing mechanism, the drum pumping unit is not widely used at present. The purpose of this paper is to develop a speed regulating reversing device with high reliability, low energy consumption, easy adjustment of stroke times and high degree of automation for roller pumping units, which provides a guarantee for the popularization and application of long stroke pumping units. Firstly, the general scheme of the differential speed regulating commutator is designed, and the law of suspension motion is planned and its efficiency is verified in detail. Secondly, the suspension load of the pumping unit is analyzed, and the load and counterweight of the components are determined. (a MATLAB solution program is written for different oil recovery conditions. On the basis of this, the mechanical part, the commutating part and the working part of the differential speed regulating commutator are designed concretely. Then, the 3D model of the whole device is built to test the assembly interference, and the kinematics and dynamics of the device are analyzed by using ADAMS virtual prototyping technology. The strength of the key parts is verified by finite element method. Finally, the electric control system of the differential speed regulating and reversing device is designed. When the device is used in different oil wells or oil recovery conditions (stroke and stroke), it is only necessary to plan out the new motion rules according to the working conditions and reset the parameters of the PLC control program without any other adjustment, which is very convenient and economical. The roller pumping unit with this kind of differential speed regulating and reversing device can be used in most oil wells and various oil production conditions, and can be widely used in a large scale. The differential speed regulating and reversing device developed in this paper solves the problem of reversing and regulating speed which restricts the popularization of the roller pumping unit and lays a solid foundation for the popularization of the roller pumping unit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE933.1

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本文編號(hào)：1882506