發(fā)布時(shí)間：2020-12-05 18:30

　　本研究旨在以人工智能道德建設(shè)的角度評(píng)估人們對(duì)人機(jī)交互的態(tài)度與偏好,探討如何在不同倫理困境情境中設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)化和決策方法,并確定在意外發(fā)生時(shí)人們的責(zé)任追求傾向。筆者首先對(duì)30名受訪者進(jìn)行初步訪談,以收集大眾對(duì)未來人類與人工智能交互場景的見解與擔(dān)憂。訪談結(jié)果表明智能家居、自動(dòng)駕駛、專業(yè)服務(wù)及軍事戰(zhàn)斗為人們心中未來人工智能技術(shù)應(yīng)用最廣泛的領(lǐng)域。筆者隨后根據(jù)初步訪談所得到的這四大類領(lǐng)域以及受訪者對(duì)其所提出的擔(dān)憂設(shè)計(jì)出了之后問卷調(diào)查所需的情境,并通過對(duì)103名參與者進(jìn)行基于8個(gè)不同情境的問卷調(diào)查,以收集定量數(shù)據(jù)。筆者在制定問卷過程中還充分考慮對(duì)人類決策過程有影響的三個(gè)要素:事件的嚴(yán)重性、主體決策的時(shí)間限制和主體與事件的相關(guān)性,而正是這三個(gè)因素構(gòu)建了這8種不同水平組合的倫理困境。另外通過針對(duì)30名參與者進(jìn)行深度訪談來收集用于支持問卷結(jié)果的相關(guān)定性數(shù)據(jù)。問卷調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)的重復(fù)測量方差分析結(jié)果顯示,這三個(gè)因素顯著影響著受眾對(duì)自動(dòng)化水平,決策方式和責(zé)任分配的選擇。首先,在與參與者相關(guān),且決策可用時(shí)間較短的情況下,參與者對(duì)監(jiān)控自動(dòng)化滿意度最高,而在決策可用時(shí)間較長的情況下,參與者對(duì)授權(quán)自動(dòng)化最為滿意。在與參與者無... 

【文章來源】：清華大學(xué)北京市 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：110 頁

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Research background
    1.2 Research objective and questions
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
    2.1 Automation and decision support systems
    2.2 Morality
        2.2.1 Machine ethics
        2.2.2 Moral status of machines
        2.2.3 Moral dilemma and sources of ethical standards
    2.3 General factors related to human-machine interaction
        2.3.1 Comfort
        2.3.2 Trust
        2.3.3 Self-confidence
        2.3.4 Factors affecting decision-making process
3 RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
    3.1 Research orientation: the people
    3.2 Research focus and variables
    3.3 Research methodology
        3.3.1 Preliminary interview on public interest in future human-AI interactions
        3.3.2 Ethical dilemma scenario survey
4 PRELIMINARY INTERVIEW ON PUBLIC INTERESTS IN FUTURE HUMAN-AI INTERACTIONS
    4.1 Methodology of the preliminary interview
        4.1.1 Part 1: Design project
        4.1.2 Part 2: Concerns for future AI technology
        4.1.3 Participants and practical details
    4.2 Results of the preliminary interview
        4.2.1 Part 1: Design project
        4.2.2 Part 2: Concerns for future AI technology
        4.2.3 Brief summary of the results
5 ETHICAL DILEMMA SCENARIO SURVEY
    5.1 Methodology of the online questionnaire
        5.1.1 Part 1: Basic information
        5.1.2 Part 2: Moral dilemma scenarios
    5.2 Results of the online questionnaire
        5.2.1 Participants’ profile
        5.2.2 Automation preference
        5.2.3 Decision-making approach
        5.2.4 Responsibility allocation
        5.2.5 Brief summary of the results and limitations
    5.3 Methodology for the in-depth interview
    5.4 Results from the in-depth interview
        5.4.1 Participants’ profile
        5.4.2 Insights from in-depth interviews
    5.5 Brief summary of the overall survey results
6 CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
APPENDIX
    APPENDIX 1: Design project description
    APPENDIX 2: Online questionnaire for the construction of artificial intelligence morality standard
RESUME



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