【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著“低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)”理念被人們逐步接受并倡導(dǎo),加大清潔能源開(kāi)發(fā)力度成為未來(lái)能源的發(fā)展方向。在清潔能源的開(kāi)發(fā)和利用中,風(fēng)能利用技術(shù)相對(duì)成熟,而海上風(fēng)能利用是其重要組成部分。但在海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)的建設(shè)期和運(yùn)營(yíng)期,,尤其是在風(fēng)機(jī)樁基固定過(guò)程中進(jìn)行的沖擊式打樁作業(yè),會(huì)向水中輻射高強(qiáng)度、瞬發(fā)性、寬頻帶的脈沖信號(hào)。研究表明,沖擊式水下打樁噪聲會(huì)影響海洋哺乳動(dòng)物的行為,掩蔽其聲學(xué)信號(hào),甚至造成其聽(tīng)覺(jué)損傷。 中華白海豚(Chinese white dolphin, Sousa chinensis)是我國(guó)國(guó)家一級(jí)保護(hù)動(dòng)物,在我國(guó)主要分布在東南沿海。中華白海豚利用回聲定位信號(hào)進(jìn)行水下目標(biāo)的探測(cè)與識(shí)別,通過(guò)聲學(xué)信號(hào)進(jìn)行個(gè)體間的交流,聲學(xué)信號(hào)是中華白海豚賴以生存的重要工具。海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)水下打樁噪聲和運(yùn)營(yíng)期噪聲可能會(huì)造成中華白海豚的聽(tīng)覺(jué)損傷,并掩蔽其水下發(fā)聲信號(hào),最終影響其正常的生命活動(dòng)。 為了保護(hù)中華白海豚,降低海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)水下打樁噪聲和運(yùn)營(yíng)期噪聲對(duì)中華白海豚的影響,需要對(duì)水下打樁噪聲和海上風(fēng)機(jī)運(yùn)營(yíng)期水下噪聲進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè),通過(guò)時(shí)頻域分析了解水下噪聲的聲學(xué)特性,并結(jié)合中華白海豚的聽(tīng)覺(jué)和聲學(xué)信號(hào)特性,研究水下打樁噪聲和海上風(fēng)機(jī)運(yùn)營(yíng)期噪聲對(duì)中華白海豚聽(tīng)覺(jué)和發(fā)聲信號(hào)的影響,評(píng)估其對(duì)中華白海豚的影響范圍和程度,從而為中華白海豚的聲學(xué)保護(hù)提供參考依據(jù)。 本論文的主要內(nèi)容為： 1、詳細(xì)介紹了中華白海豚聲學(xué)特性、海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)水下打樁噪聲和運(yùn)營(yíng)期噪聲聲學(xué)特性及其對(duì)海洋哺乳動(dòng)物影響的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究進(jìn)展,介紹了水下噪聲監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)備以及信號(hào)處理方法； 2、對(duì)中華白海豚click信號(hào)進(jìn)行實(shí)際測(cè)量,分析click信號(hào)的時(shí)頻域特性并估計(jì)其聲源級(jí),比較廈門海域和雷州灣海域中華白海豚的click信號(hào)特性； 3、對(duì)水下打樁噪聲進(jìn)行實(shí)際測(cè)量,分析其時(shí)頻域特性,并對(duì)水下打樁噪聲的聲學(xué)參數(shù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),研究水下打樁噪聲的傳播特性；基于dBht(species)參數(shù)評(píng)估水下打樁噪聲對(duì)中華白海豚聽(tīng)力和行為的影響,并探究其對(duì)中華白海豚聲信號(hào)的掩蔽效應(yīng)； 4、對(duì)海上風(fēng)機(jī)運(yùn)營(yíng)期水下噪聲進(jìn)行實(shí)際測(cè)量,分析其時(shí)頻域特性；基于海洋哺乳動(dòng)物物種噪聲劑量dBht(species)參數(shù)來(lái)評(píng)估海上風(fēng)機(jī)運(yùn)營(yíng)期水下噪聲對(duì)中華白海豚聽(tīng)力和行為的影響,并分析其對(duì)中華白海豚聲學(xué)信號(hào)的掩蔽效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the concept of "low-carbon economy" gradually accepted and advocated, increasing the intensity of clean energy development has become the future direction of energy development. In the development and utilization of clean energy, wind energy utilization technology is relatively mature, and offshore wind energy utilization is an important part. But in the construction and operation period of offshore wind farm, especially the impact piling operation in the fixed process of fan pile foundation, it will radiate high intensity, instantaneous and wide band pulse signal into the water. The results show that the impact piling noise can affect the behavior of marine mammals, mask their acoustic signals, and even cause hearing damage. Chinese White Dolphin (Chinese white dolphin, Sousa chinensis) is a first-class protected animal in China, which is mainly distributed along the southeast coast of China. Chinese white dolphins use echolocation signals to detect and identify underwater targets and communicate among individuals through acoustic signals. Acoustic signals are important tools for the survival of Chinese white dolphins. Underwater piling noise and operating period noise of offshore wind farm may cause hearing damage of Chinese white dolphin and mask its underwater sound signal and affect its normal life activity. In order to protect Chinese white dolphin and reduce the influence of underwater piling noise and operating period noise on Chinese white dolphin, it is necessary to monitor underwater piling noise and underwater noise during offshore fan operation. The acoustic characteristics of underwater noise were analyzed in time and frequency domain, and the effects of underwater piling noise and noise of offshore fan on hearing and sound signals of Chinese white dolphin were studied by combining the auditory and acoustic signal characteristics of Chinese white dolphin. In order to provide reference for acoustic protection of Chinese white dolphin, the range and extent of its influence on Chinese white dolphin were evaluated. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: 1. The acoustic characteristics of Chinese white dolphin, underwater piling noise of offshore wind farm, noise acoustic characteristics of operating period and their effects on marine mammals are introduced in detail. The underwater noise monitoring equipment and signal processing method are introduced. 2. The click signal of Chinese white dolphin was measured, the time-frequency characteristic of click signal was analyzed and its sound source level was estimated, and the click signal characteristics of Chinese white dolphin in Xiamen sea area and Leizhou Bay sea area were compared. 3. The actual measurement of underwater piling noise is carried out, and the time-frequency characteristic is analyzed. The acoustic parameters of underwater piling noise are analyzed, and the propagation characteristics of underwater piling noise are studied. The effects of underwater piling noise on the hearing and behavior of Chinese white dolphins were evaluated based on dBht (species) parameters, and the masking effect of underwater piling noise on the acoustic signals of Chinese white dolphins was investigated. (4) the underwater noise of offshore fan during operation period is measured and the time-frequency characteristic is analyzed. The effects of underwater noise on the hearing and behavior of Chinese white dolphin were evaluated based on the dBht (species) parameter of marine mammal species noise and the masking effect of underwater noise on acoustic signal of Chinese white dolphin was analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM614;X174

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1 汪啟銘;海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)建設(shè)水下噪聲對(duì)中華白海豚影響研究[D];廈門大學(xué);2014年

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本文編號(hào)：2295658