【摘要】：太陽(yáng)能光伏并網(wǎng)發(fā)電技術(shù)是目前新能源研究開(kāi)發(fā)熱點(diǎn)之一，，促使其得到了快速發(fā)展和越來(lái)越廣泛的應(yīng)用。然而，光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)與傳統(tǒng)發(fā)電方式存在很大差異，其大規(guī)模應(yīng)用的負(fù)面影響引起越來(lái)越多研究人員的關(guān)注。同步發(fā)電機(jī)具有較好的組網(wǎng)特性，使光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)模擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)特性將有效避免光伏發(fā)電規(guī)模化應(yīng)用存在的隱患，對(duì)光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。 本文首先對(duì)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)工作原理及系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了分析介紹，針對(duì)采用L型和LC型濾波器的光伏逆變器數(shù)學(xué)模型進(jìn)行了推導(dǎo)和相應(yīng)控制策略的分析，對(duì)儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)在光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中應(yīng)用方式進(jìn)行了介紹，為下文結(jié)合光伏與儲(chǔ)能實(shí)現(xiàn)虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)控制技術(shù)的研究打下基礎(chǔ)。 基于同步發(fā)電機(jī)二階模型建立了虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)(VSG，Virtual SynchonousGenerator)算法，對(duì)其基本特性及虛擬慣性作用進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析。分析了采用無(wú)功功率閉環(huán)控制時(shí)控制器參數(shù)對(duì)系統(tǒng)特性的影響，并設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于坐標(biāo)變換實(shí)現(xiàn)有功無(wú)功解耦的無(wú)功功率控制方法，可以避免有功無(wú)功功率輸出特性相互影響。針對(duì)VSG算法實(shí)現(xiàn)，提出一種基于VSG算法的功率控制策略，通過(guò)該方法可使光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)有效模擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)特性，同時(shí)避免VSG算法的應(yīng)用增加系統(tǒng)控制復(fù)雜度和降低系統(tǒng)可靠性的問(wèn)題。 在對(duì)VSG算法的研究基礎(chǔ)上，將該控制技術(shù)應(yīng)用至微電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行控制中，結(jié)合兩種VSG算法實(shí)現(xiàn)方式對(duì)微電網(wǎng)分布式光伏電源進(jìn)行控制，從而使它們均具有雙模式運(yùn)行和微電網(wǎng)孤島運(yùn)行模式下的負(fù)荷自動(dòng)分配能力，并實(shí)現(xiàn)了微電網(wǎng)的靈活控制。對(duì)微電網(wǎng)孤島運(yùn)行模式下頻率調(diào)整和電壓控制策略進(jìn)行了分析和設(shè)計(jì)，并針對(duì)微電網(wǎng)模式切換提出了一種基于虛擬功率的預(yù)同步控制策略，可以在不檢測(cè)頻率、相位情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)微電網(wǎng)與主網(wǎng)的預(yù)同步控制。 最后，在MATLAB/Simulink中建立了系統(tǒng)仿真模型，仿真結(jié)果表明：(1)應(yīng)用VSG算法的光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)具有了虛擬慣性，基于坐標(biāo)變換解耦的無(wú)功功率控制實(shí)現(xiàn)了很好的控制效果，且避免了對(duì)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)特性的影響；(2)通過(guò)功率控制實(shí)現(xiàn)VSG算法的方法達(dá)到了引入虛擬慣性目的，且系統(tǒng)具有較好的可靠性；(3)基于VSG控制技術(shù)的微電網(wǎng)分布式光伏電源協(xié)調(diào)控制策略實(shí)現(xiàn)了微電網(wǎng)的可靠運(yùn)行，基于虛擬功率的預(yù)同步控制策略可實(shí)現(xiàn)微電網(wǎng)母線電壓與主電網(wǎng)電壓的準(zhǔn)確同步。
[Abstract]:Solar photovoltaic grid-connected power generation technology is one of the hot spots in the research and development of new energy at present, which promotes its rapid development and more extensive application. However, there is a great difference between photovoltaic power generation system and traditional power generation methods, and the negative effects of its large-scale application have attracted more and more researchers' attention. Synchronous generators have better networking characteristics, so that the photovoltaic system simulation synchronous generator characteristics will effectively avoid the potential problems existing in the large-scale application of photovoltaic power generation, which is of great significance for the development of photovoltaic power generation technology. In this paper, the working principle and system structure of photovoltaic power generation system are analyzed and introduced, and the mathematical model of photovoltaic inverter using L-type and LC filter is deduced and the corresponding control strategy is analyzed. The application of energy storage technology in photovoltaic power generation system is introduced, which lays a foundation for the research of virtual synchronous generator control technology combined with photovoltaic and energy storage. Based on the second order model of synchronous generator, the algorithm of virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is established, and its basic characteristics and virtual inertial action are analyzed in detail. This paper analyzes the influence of controller parameters on system characteristics when reactive power closed-loop control is adopted, and designs a reactive power control method based on coordinate transformation to realize active and reactive power decoupling, which can avoid the mutual influence of active and reactive power output characteristics. For the realization of VSG algorithm, a power control strategy based on VSG algorithm is proposed, by which the photovoltaic power generation system can effectively simulate the characteristics of synchronous generator. At the same time, the application of VSG algorithm can increase the complexity of system control and reduce the reliability of the system. Based on the research of VSG algorithm, the control technology is applied to the operation control of microgrid, and the distributed photovoltaic power supply of microgrid is controlled by two VSG algorithms. Therefore, both of them have the ability of automatic load distribution under the mode of dual mode operation and isolated island mode of microgrid, and the flexible control of microgrid is realized. This paper analyzes and designs the frequency adjustment and voltage control strategy in isolated island operation mode of microgrid, and proposes a presynchronous control strategy based on virtual power, which can detect frequency without detection. In the case of phase, the presynchronous control between microgrid and main network is realized. Finally, the system simulation model is established in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results show that: (1) the photovoltaic power generation system using VSG algorithm has virtual inertia, and the reactive power control based on the decoupling of coordinate transformation achieves a good control effect. It avoids the influence on the dynamic characteristics of the system. (2) the method of realizing VSG algorithm by power control achieves the purpose of introducing virtual inertia and the system has good reliability. (3) the coordinated control strategy of distributed photovoltaic power supply based on VSG technology realizes the reliable operation of microgrid, and the presynchronous control strategy based on virtual power can realize the accurate synchronization of bus voltage and main grid voltage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM615

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