發(fā)布時間：2018-02-21 07:05

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 引風機 變頻改造 振動故障 動靜不平衡　出處：《昆明理工大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著電力行業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,電廠新增加了許多大容量機組。但隨著我國人民自身素質(zhì)的提高,節(jié)能減排意識也越來越強,電廠鼓引風機的節(jié)能改造,變得越來越重要。我國火電廠鍋爐鼓引風機耗電約占廠用電的25%～30%,鼓引風機因鍋爐負荷變化而經(jīng)常處于一種低效率狀態(tài),大量能量浪費在起調(diào)節(jié)風量作用的風道擋板上。在鍋爐鼓引風機上安裝變頻調(diào)速裝置,它可以根據(jù)鍋爐的燃燒狀況和負荷變化情況,自動調(diào)節(jié)鼓引風機的轉(zhuǎn)速,實現(xiàn)風壓和風量的調(diào)節(jié),從而達到節(jié)能降耗的目的。 引風機變頻改造后,云南電網(wǎng)統(tǒng)調(diào)火電廠鍋爐鼓引風機頻繁發(fā)生振動故障,造成電廠減負荷、停機等事故,已經(jīng)影響到火電機組正常運行及帶負荷能力,在一定程度上影響了云南電網(wǎng)的安全穩(wěn)定運行和電力供需平衡。 引風機變頻改造后,葉片出現(xiàn)了裂紋及斷裂的故障,這是由于改變頻率之后,引風機運行速度發(fā)生變化,經(jīng)常在臨界轉(zhuǎn)速區(qū)域運轉(zhuǎn),造成引風機葉輪共振導致的。研究曲靖電廠、昆明二電廠、陽宗海電廠、大唐紅河電廠和巡檢司電廠變頻引風機出現(xiàn)的葉片裂紋及斷裂事故案例,分析振動故障測試數(shù)據(jù)包括振動幅值、相位(水平、垂直、軸向三個方向的數(shù)值)等因素對振動故障的綜合影響,通過分析振動波德圖、振動趨勢圖、振動頻譜圖,對引風機振動故障進行診斷。 針對引風機故障,提出相應(yīng)的解決方案,如葉片加筋調(diào)頻,加特殊圍帶,加平衡塊做動平衡等方案。介紹了靜態(tài)試驗和動態(tài)試驗,靜平衡與動平衡各自的適用范圍、實施的步驟、需要注意的問題等。在分析研究了各種因素對振動故障的綜合影響之后,建議采用做動平衡加平衡塊的方法來解決振動大的問題。現(xiàn)場通過試加平衡塊,風機振動降低,能在安全條件下運行。證明對引風機變頻改造振動故障的判斷是正確的,采取的措施有效解決了振動大的問題,保證了機組安全穩(wěn)定運行。 本研究利用EPP振動采集分析儀和208-P DAIU振動儀對測試過程中的振動數(shù)據(jù)進行采集。通過利用葉片加筋調(diào)頻、加特殊圍帶、加平衡塊做動平衡的方法,對引風機振動特性的類型及表現(xiàn)特征進行歸類,并提出各類型故障的應(yīng)對方法,為引風機在安全條件下運行,提供了一定的理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous development of the power industry, many new large capacity units have been added in power plants. However, with the improvement of the quality of the people in our country, the awareness of energy saving and emission reduction is becoming stronger and stronger. It has become more and more important. The power consumption of boiler drum induced fan in thermal power plant in China accounts for 25% of the total power consumption. The drum induced fan is often in a low efficiency state because of the change of boiler load. A large amount of energy is wasted on the air duct baffle which regulates the air volume. A frequency conversion speed regulating device is installed on the boiler drum induced fan, which can automatically adjust the speed of the drum induced fan according to the burning condition and load change of the boiler. Realize the adjustment of wind pressure and air volume to achieve the purpose of saving energy and reducing consumption. After the frequency conversion transformation of the induced fan, frequent vibration faults occurred in the boiler drum induced fan in Yunnan Power Grid, which caused the power plant to reduce the load and shut down, which has affected the normal operation and the capacity of the thermal power unit with load. To some extent, it affects the safe and stable operation of Yunnan power grid and the balance of power supply and demand. After the frequency conversion transformation of the induced fan, there are cracks and breakages in the blade. This is due to the change of the frequency, the speed of the induced fan is changed, and the fan often runs in the critical speed area. The case of blade crack and fracture in Qujing Power Plant, Kunming No. 2 Power Plant, Yangzonghai Power Plant, Datang Honghe Power Plant and Patrol Department Power Plant is studied. The comprehensive effects of vibration amplitude, phase (horizontal, vertical, axial) on vibration fault are analyzed. By analyzing the vibration wave diagram, vibration trend chart, vibration spectrum diagram, and so on, the vibration fault test data are analyzed, which include vibration amplitude, phase (horizontal, vertical, axial) and so on. The vibration fault of induced fan is diagnosed. In view of the fault of induced fan, the corresponding solutions are put forward, such as the reinforcement and frequency modulation of the blade, the addition of special girth, and the dynamic balancing with the balance block, etc. The static test and dynamic test are introduced, and the scope of application of static balance and dynamic balance are introduced. After analyzing and studying the comprehensive influence of various factors on vibration failure, it is suggested that the method of dynamic balancing and balancing block be used to solve the problem of large vibration. The vibration of the fan is reduced and can be operated under the safe conditions. It is proved that the fault judgement of the frequency conversion transformation of the induced fan is correct. The measures taken can effectively solve the problem of large vibration and ensure the safe and stable operation of the unit. In this study, EPP vibration acquisition analyzer and 208-P DAIU vibrator are used to collect the vibration data in the testing process. The types and performance characteristics of induced fan vibration characteristics are classified, and the corresponding methods of various types of faults are put forward, which provides a certain theoretical basis for the operation of induced fan under safe conditions.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM621.2

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本文編號：1521329