發(fā)布時間：2018-01-29 13:52

  本文關鍵詞： 隔離開關 狀態(tài)監(jiān)測 專家系統(tǒng) 故障診斷 狀態(tài)檢修　出處：《華南理工大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：電力系統(tǒng)中的隔離開關即刀閘,是電力系統(tǒng)重要的電氣設備。變電站的電動刀閘多為戶外式,由于其機械傳動機構直接暴露在空氣中經受著日曬雨淋,受環(huán)境影響較大,平時操作次數較少,軸銷、軸承等傳動部位缺少潤滑和相對運動,運行一段時間后,經常會出現傳動機構銹蝕、卡澀現象。長期的操作卡澀會使隔離開關傳動桿產生旋轉角度損耗,造成分合閘不到位,易引起隔離開關接觸不良,造成發(fā)熱嚴重的安全隱患。隨著傳動機構銹蝕、卡澀嚴重時,將致使隔離開關不能分合閘操作,不僅出現隔離開關拒合、拒分、傳動機構斷裂等現象,還可能引起瓷瓶產生裂縫,甚至斷裂,導致設備故障跳閘的嚴重后果。如廣東電網某500kV變電站“4.10”事件及某500kV變電站“4.11”事件,均是由于針對刀閘隱患進行技術監(jiān)控的手段不足,使刀閘的隱患未能及時發(fā)現,缺陷刀閘沒有得到定期檢修消缺,導致引發(fā)電力安全事件,造成了大面積停電。另外隔離開關運行中,除上述機械傳動機構上存在的問題,還面臨著電動操作機構行程開關不靈敏、傳動齒輪斷齒、機構位置檢修調試不當、電機內部故障及電源缺相等問題,這些都將帶來隔離開關分、合閘操作不穩(wěn)定現象,給設備運行和維護造成極大的困難,無法滿足系統(tǒng)安全運行的要求。目前,針對變電站變壓器、斷路器及容性設備的狀態(tài)監(jiān)測和狀態(tài)檢修已有大量研究成果,但對于隔離開關相關研究較少。為有效檢測判斷上述隔離開關存在的異常缺陷,確保隔離開關的正常分合閘操作的可靠性,迫切需要對隔離開關的機械傳動機構和電動操作機構進行狀態(tài)監(jiān)測及預警。基于此,論文擬對電動刀閘的狀態(tài)監(jiān)測及預警系統(tǒng)進行研究與應用,將能夠反映隔離開關異常缺陷信息的故障特征量動態(tài)數據和隔離開關的運行檢修及臺賬等靜態(tài)數據,作為隔離開關的狀態(tài)監(jiān)測數據。通過對狀態(tài)數據的長期監(jiān)測,并與隔離開關在正常工作狀態(tài)和異常故障狀況下的狀態(tài)數據作對比分析,可判斷隔離開關是否存在異常,實現隔離開關的狀態(tài)評估。通過分析隔離開關狀態(tài)數據的變化趨勢,可預測故障發(fā)展趨勢,最終實現隔離開關的狀態(tài)檢修,即在隔離開關故障將要發(fā)生之前做出主動檢修決策,保證其健康水平,有效防止隔離開關操作中發(fā)生無法正常分合閘的突發(fā)問題,引起倒閘操作時間延長,甚至設備故障,給電網的安全穩(wěn)定運行帶來威脅。
[Abstract]:The isolating switch in power system, namely knife brake, is an important electrical equipment in power system. The electric knife brake of substation is mostly outdoor type, because its mechanical transmission mechanism is exposed directly to the air and is exposed to the sun and rain. Affected by the environment, usually less times of operation, shaft pin, bearing and other parts of the transmission lack of lubrication and relative movement, running for a period of time, often will appear transmission mechanism corrosion. The long-term operation will cause rotation angle loss of the isolating switch transmission rod, resulting in the opening and closing of the switch is not in place, easy to cause poor contact between the isolator and the switch. With the corrosion of transmission mechanism and serious jam, it will lead to the isolation switch can not open and close operation, not only the isolation switch refuse to close, refuse to separate, drive mechanism fracture and so on. Also may cause the porcelain bottle to produce the crack, even breaks. For example, the "4.10" event of a 500kV substation in Guangdong Power Grid and the "4.11" event of a 500kV substation. All of them are due to the lack of technical monitoring means for the hidden trouble of the knife brake, so that the hidden trouble of the knife brake can not be found in time, and the defective knife brake has not been regularly overhauled and eliminated, which leads to the electric power safety event. In addition, in addition to the problems in the mechanical transmission mechanism mentioned above, it is also faced with the insensitivity of the stroke switch of the electric operating mechanism and the tooth breaking of the transmission gear. The improper maintenance and adjustment of the mechanism, the internal fault of the motor and the lack of the power supply will bring about the phenomenon of the disconnecting switch and the unsteady operation of the switch, which will cause great difficulties to the operation and maintenance of the equipment. The system can not meet the requirements of safe operation. At present, there have been a lot of research results on condition monitoring and condition maintenance for transformer, circuit breaker and capacitive equipment in substation. In order to detect and judge the abnormal defects of the disconnector effectively and ensure the reliability of the normal switching operation of the disconnector. There is an urgent need to monitor and warn the condition of the mechanical transmission mechanism and the electric operating mechanism of the disconnector. Based on this, the paper intends to study and apply the condition monitoring and warning system of the electric knife brake. The dynamic data of fault characteristic quantity which can reflect the information of abnormal defect of isolating switch and the static data such as operation overhaul and bookkeeping of isolating switch will be realized. Through the long-term monitoring of the state data, and compared with the state data in the normal working state and abnormal fault condition of the disconnector. By analyzing the change trend of the state data of the disconnector, the trend of fault development can be predicted, and finally the condition maintenance of the disconnector can be realized. That is to make the active maintenance decision before the fault of the isolating switch will occur, to ensure its health level, to effectively prevent the emergency problem which can not be opened or closed normally in the operation of the isolator switch, and to cause the operation time of the switch to be prolonged. Even equipment failure, to the security and stability of the grid operation threat.
【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM63

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本文編號：1473563