基于靜電紡絲技術的一維納米材料在濕度傳感器中的應用
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-08 15:45
【摘要】：納米材料的發(fā)展和應用是材料學科的一次偉大革新。相對于傳統(tǒng)材料而言,納米材料具有高比表面積、成本低、化學性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定等優(yōu)點。其中,基于金屬氧化物的納米材料廣泛的運用于傳感器領域。納米材料在形貌結構、尺寸大小以及制備方式上的差異,都對其在傳感性能方面的表現(xiàn)有重要影響。本論文利用高壓靜電紡絲技術制備了一維結構的金屬氧化物納米材料,主要對納米材料在結構和尺寸等方面進行了改進。試驗結果表明,基于此類納米材料的濕度傳感器在響應時間、靈敏度和穩(wěn)定性等方面都有較大的提高。本論文所開展的研究工作主要包括以下幾個方面:靜電紡絲技術制備在制備一維納米材料方面具有得天獨厚的優(yōu)勢,經(jīng)過嚴格的退火程序處理,所制備的一維納米結構多出現(xiàn)纖維狀和管狀。此類一維結構的納米材料具有很大的比表面積,能夠有效提高材料的感濕能力,使傳感器具備高的靈敏度和快速響應等特點。論文第三章詳細介紹了G/SnO_x/CF的制備、測試過程并分析其響應機制。利用氯化亞錫、無水乙醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和聚乙烯吡咯脘酮(PVP)成功的制備了SnO_2納米管、SnO_x/CF納米纖維,G/SnO_x/CF納米材料復合。SEM和TEM表征表明,SnO_2納米管表面粗糙,其管壁由SnO_2顆粒組成;SnO_x顆粒分散于碳纖維的內(nèi)部和表面。基于復合材料G/SnO_x/CF的濕度傳感器最高靈敏度為6.22,響應時間為6-8s。經(jīng)過精確計算,加入石墨烯之后,G/SnO_x/CF濕度傳感器的靈敏度與相同測試環(huán)境下SnO_x/CF濕度傳感器相比提高了大約一倍。第四章中,利用靜電紡絲技術成功的ZnFe_2O_4納米管。ZnFe_2O_4納米管管壁主要由ZnFe_2O_4顆粒組成,表面粗糙。測量表明,ZnFe_2O_4納米管的平均直徑為80納米�；赯nFe_2O_4的濕度傳感器最高靈敏度為85.03(75%RH~95%RH)。該濕度傳感器在快速響應方面也表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異,其響應時間為5.60s(35%RH~75%RH),與同類型濕度傳感器相比具有更快的響應速度。
[Abstract]:The development and application of nanomaterials is a great innovation in the field of materials. Compared with traditional materials, nanomaterials have the advantages of high specific surface area, low cost and stable chemical properties. Among them, metal oxide based nanomaterials are widely used in sensor field. The difference in morphology, size and preparation method of nanomaterials has an important influence on their sensing performance. In this paper, one dimensional metal oxide nanomaterials were prepared by using high voltage electrostatic spinning technology, and the structure and size of nanomaterials were improved. The experimental results show that the humidity sensor based on this kind of nanomaterials has great improvement in response time, sensitivity and stability. The research work in this paper mainly includes the following aspects: electrospinning technology has a unique advantage in the preparation of one-dimensional nanomaterials, and it has been treated by strict annealing procedure. The one-dimensional nanostructures were mostly fibrous and tubular. The nanomaterials with one-dimensional structure have a large specific surface area, which can effectively improve the humidity sensitivity of the materials and make the sensors have the characteristics of high sensitivity and rapid response. In the third chapter, the preparation, testing process and response mechanism of G/SnO_x/CF are introduced in detail. Using stannous chloride, anhydrous ethanol N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and polyethylpyrrolidone (PVP), SnO_2 nanotubes SnOx / CF nanofibers were successfully prepared. SEM and TEM characterization showed that the surface of Sno _ 2 nanotubes was rough. The tube wall is composed of SnO_2 particles and SnOx particles are dispersed on the inner and surface of carbon fiber. The maximum sensitivity of the humidity sensor based on composite G/SnO_x/CF is 6.22 and the response time is 6-8 s. After accurate calculation, the sensitivity of the G / SnOX / CF humidity sensor is about twice as high as that of the SnO_x/CF humidity sensor in the same test environment after the addition of graphene. In chapter 4, the wall of ZnFe_2O_4 nanotubes, ZnFeS _ 2O _ 4, which has been successfully fabricated by electrospinning technology, is mainly composed of ZnFe_2O_4 particles and the surface is rough. The measurements show that the average diameter of ZnFe2O4 nanotubes is 80 nm. The highest sensitivity of humidity sensor based on ZnFe_2O_4 is 85.03 (75%RH~95%RH). The humidity sensor is also excellent in fast response, and its response time is 5.60 s (35%RH~75%RH), which is faster than that of the same type of humidity sensor.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB383.1;TP212.1
本文編號：2172260
[Abstract]:The development and application of nanomaterials is a great innovation in the field of materials. Compared with traditional materials, nanomaterials have the advantages of high specific surface area, low cost and stable chemical properties. Among them, metal oxide based nanomaterials are widely used in sensor field. The difference in morphology, size and preparation method of nanomaterials has an important influence on their sensing performance. In this paper, one dimensional metal oxide nanomaterials were prepared by using high voltage electrostatic spinning technology, and the structure and size of nanomaterials were improved. The experimental results show that the humidity sensor based on this kind of nanomaterials has great improvement in response time, sensitivity and stability. The research work in this paper mainly includes the following aspects: electrospinning technology has a unique advantage in the preparation of one-dimensional nanomaterials, and it has been treated by strict annealing procedure. The one-dimensional nanostructures were mostly fibrous and tubular. The nanomaterials with one-dimensional structure have a large specific surface area, which can effectively improve the humidity sensitivity of the materials and make the sensors have the characteristics of high sensitivity and rapid response. In the third chapter, the preparation, testing process and response mechanism of G/SnO_x/CF are introduced in detail. Using stannous chloride, anhydrous ethanol N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and polyethylpyrrolidone (PVP), SnO_2 nanotubes SnOx / CF nanofibers were successfully prepared. SEM and TEM characterization showed that the surface of Sno _ 2 nanotubes was rough. The tube wall is composed of SnO_2 particles and SnOx particles are dispersed on the inner and surface of carbon fiber. The maximum sensitivity of the humidity sensor based on composite G/SnO_x/CF is 6.22 and the response time is 6-8 s. After accurate calculation, the sensitivity of the G / SnOX / CF humidity sensor is about twice as high as that of the SnO_x/CF humidity sensor in the same test environment after the addition of graphene. In chapter 4, the wall of ZnFe_2O_4 nanotubes, ZnFeS _ 2O _ 4, which has been successfully fabricated by electrospinning technology, is mainly composed of ZnFe_2O_4 particles and the surface is rough. The measurements show that the average diameter of ZnFe2O4 nanotubes is 80 nm. The highest sensitivity of humidity sensor based on ZnFe_2O_4 is 85.03 (75%RH~95%RH). The humidity sensor is also excellent in fast response, and its response time is 5.60 s (35%RH~75%RH), which is faster than that of the same type of humidity sensor.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB383.1;TP212.1
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