發(fā)布時間：2018-05-06 10:54

  本文選題：電磁衰減 + 真菌孢子�。� 參考：《中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：電磁衰減技術(shù),就是利用介質(zhì)對電磁波產(chǎn)生衰減作用的一種技術(shù)。具有電磁衰減作用介質(zhì)主要有膨脹石墨、鐵粉、銅粉等無機材料,廣泛應(yīng)用于航天、醫(yī)藥、食品等各大領(lǐng)域。這些衰減材料類型固定、衰減對象單一、衰減波段窄、持續(xù)時間短、環(huán)境危害較大。隨著經(jīng)濟和社會的發(fā)展,需要進一步開發(fā)新的電磁衰減材料,滿足各種需求。為此,我們提出了一種全新的理念——將生物材料應(yīng)用于電磁衰減領(lǐng)域。生物材料之所以具有電磁衰減作用,是由其成分和結(jié)構(gòu)對電磁波具有吸收和散射作用引起的。自然界生物具有種類多樣、成分豐富、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、制備方便、環(huán)境友好等特點,且具有有效的電磁衰減功能。本論文主要圍繞材料的選擇、制備、測試以及衰減性能提高幾個方面研究電磁衰減微生物制備和光譜特性。 首先,利用傅里葉紅外光譜進行靜態(tài)測試,研究了七種不同微生物材料的吸收光譜,對引起不同譜帶吸收作用的成分進行了分析。其次,采用了鏡面反射法測定七種微生物材料在紅外波段的反射譜,利用Kramers-Kronig (K-K)關(guān)系,計算了4000-400cm-1(2.5-25μm)波段的復(fù)折射率。然后根據(jù)Mie散射理論,計算出了質(zhì)量消光系數(shù)。這七種材料在紅外波段處復(fù)折射率m的實部n滿足n≥1,虛部滿足k≥0,符合物質(zhì)與光相互作用關(guān)系,說明這種測定方法的準(zhǔn)確性。在3-5μm波段,蟲生真菌Bb3088孢子和蟲生真菌Ma2677孢子的質(zhì)量消光系數(shù)分別達到0.8968m2/g和1.0589m2/g,在8-14μm波段,這兩種真菌孢子的質(zhì)量消光系數(shù)分別為0.7137m2/g和0.7203m2/g,說明這兩種微生物材料衰減性能良好。所以,我們選擇蟲生真菌Bb3088孢子和蟲生真菌Ma2677孢子,作為生物電磁衰減物。 目前的發(fā)酵條件下,蟲生真菌Bb3088孢子和蟲生真菌Ma2677孢子的產(chǎn)量都比較低。為了滿足需要,本研究對發(fā)酵過程中的培養(yǎng)基和培養(yǎng)條件進行了優(yōu)化,以提高孢子的產(chǎn)量。在優(yōu)化后的培養(yǎng)基和培養(yǎng)條件下,蟲生真菌Bb3088和蟲生真菌Ma2677的孢子產(chǎn)量達到11.2mg/g和24.5mg/g,比優(yōu)化前分別提高了72.3%和52.2%。固體發(fā)酵產(chǎn)生孢子以后,孢子、菌絲以及培養(yǎng)基混合在一起,難以分離。為了得到高純度的孢子,對孢子的收集方式進行了研究,采用雙氣旋法作為最優(yōu)的孢子收集方法。并對影響孢子產(chǎn)量的三個因素進行響應(yīng)面優(yōu)化。這三個因素分別是：基質(zhì)高度與裝料桶高度比、收集時間、物料干燥時間。得到最優(yōu)的基質(zhì)高度與裝料桶高度比(A)、收集時間(B)、物料干燥時間(C)分別為18%、4min和44h。在優(yōu)化狀態(tài)下,蟲生真菌Bb3088最大的估計值為20.9mg/g,比優(yōu)化前提高了221.5%。利用雙氣旋裝置,采用最優(yōu)的收集參數(shù),對蟲生真菌Ma2677孢子進行驗證收集,得到最大的孢子產(chǎn)量為42.2mg/g,比優(yōu)化前總共提高了162.1%。為了驗證雙氣旋法收集孢子的純凈度,對蟲生真菌Bb3088和蟲生真菌Ma2677的孢子形態(tài)進行了宏觀和微觀的觀察,發(fā)現(xiàn)所收集到的蟲生真菌Bb3088和蟲生真菌Ma2677孢子粉直觀表現(xiàn)類似細(xì)膩的滑石粉狀粉末,不含菌絲和雜質(zhì),非常的純凈。這說明雙氣旋法是一種分離性能較好的孢子方法。 靜態(tài)測試只考慮到微生物的成分對電磁衰減的影響,為了全面研究微生物材料對電磁波的吸收和散射作用,進行了動態(tài)煙幕箱測試。測試的波段主要有可見光波段、中紅外和遠(yuǎn)紅外波段,測試項目內(nèi)容有煙幕透過率、質(zhì)量消光系數(shù)、有效遮蔽時間。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),蟲生真菌Bb3088孢子在可見光波段和中紅外波段,透過率≤15%,質(zhì)量消光系數(shù)≥1g/m2,有效遮蔽時間≥60s,具有非常好的消光性能。蟲生真菌Bb3088孢子可作為可見光和中紅外兩個波段的良好的電磁衰減物。蟲生真菌Ma2677孢子,在中紅外波段時,透過率≤15%,質(zhì)量消光系數(shù)≥1g/m2,有效遮蔽時間≥60s,消光性能良好,可作為中紅外波段的較好的電磁衰減物。 經(jīng)過靜態(tài)測試和煙幕箱測試,最終確定蟲生真菌Bb3088和蟲生真菌Ma2677孢子具有非常好的電磁衰減性能,其優(yōu)良的衰減特性是由成分和形態(tài)共同決定的。為了進一步提高這兩種真菌孢子的衰減能力,通過液質(zhì)聯(lián)用方法,對靜態(tài)測試和大型煙幕箱測試確定得出的具有較好電磁衰減作用的蟲生真菌Bb3088和蟲生真菌Ma2677孢子的成分進行了分析。對孢子中含量較高的兩種酯類卵磷脂和麥角甾醇對電磁衰減效應(yīng)進行研究。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),蟲生真菌Bb3088孢子中以1：1的比例加入麥角甾醇后和卵磷脂后,相應(yīng)譜帶的吸收峰分別增加了19%和11%。當(dāng)在蟲生真菌Ma2677孢子中以1：1的比例加入麥角甾醇和卵磷脂后,相應(yīng)譜帶的吸收峰增加了22%和14%。因此,可以通過誘變、分子改造、條件優(yōu)化等方法,使微生物樣品中特定組分含量增加,達到增強特定波段電磁衰減作用的目的。
[Abstract]:Electromagnetic attenuation technology is a technology that uses medium to attenuate electromagnetic waves. The medium with electromagnetic attenuation is mainly inorganic materials such as expanded graphite, iron powder and copper powder. It is widely used in many fields such as space, medicine, food and so on. These attenuation materials are fixed, the attenuation object is single, the attenuation band is narrow, and the duration is short. With the development of economy and society, new electromagnetic attenuating materials need to be further developed to meet various needs. For this reason, we put forward a new concept - the application of biomaterials in the field of electromagnetic attenuation. The reason why biomaterials have electromagnetic attenuation is that they are absorbed by their components and structures for electromagnetic waves. The natural organisms have the characteristics of variety, rich composition, complex structure, convenient preparation, friendly environment and so on, and have effective electromagnetic attenuation functions. This paper mainly focuses on the selection, preparation, testing and attenuation performance of materials to study the preparation and spectral characteristics of electromagnetic attenuation microbes.
First, the absorption spectra of seven different microbial materials were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The components that caused the absorption of different spectral bands were analyzed. Secondly, the reflectance spectra of seven kinds of microbiological materials in the infrared band were measured by the mirror reflection method, and the Kramers-Kronig (K-K) relationship was used to calculate 4000-400. The complex refractive index of the cm-1 (2.5-25 m) band is obtained. Then according to the Mie scattering theory, the mass extinction coefficient is calculated. The real part of the complex refractive index m of the seven materials at the infrared band satisfies n more than 1, the virtual part satisfies K more than 0, which conforms to the interaction between the matter and the light. The accuracy of this method is explained. In the 3-5 Mug band, the spore Bb3088 spores of the entomogenic fungi and the Bb3088 spore are in the 3-5 Mug band. The quality extinction coefficient of the Ma2677 spores of the entomophyll fungus reached 0.8968m2/g and 1.0589m2/g respectively. At the 8-14 U M band, the quality extinction coefficients of the two fungal spores were 0.7137m2/g and 0.7203m2/g respectively, indicating that the two kinds of microbial materials have good attenuation performance. Therefore, we choose the Bb3088 spores and the entomous fungi Ma2677 spores of the entomous fungi. Biological electromagnetic attenuate.
Under the current fermentation conditions, the yield of the Bb3088 spores and the Ma2677 spores of the entomogenic fungi were low. In order to meet the needs, the culture medium and culture conditions in the fermentation process were optimized in order to improve the spore yield. Under the optimized medium and the culture strip, the entomogenic fungi Bb3088 and the entomogenic fungus Ma2677 were used. The spore yield reached 11.2mg/g and 24.5mg/g, and the spores, mycelium and culture medium were mixed together after 72.3% and 52.2%. solid fermentation respectively. In order to get high purity spores, the method of collecting spores was studied. The method of double gas rotation was used as the best method for collecting spores. Three factors of rounded spore yield were optimized in response surface. These three factors were: matrix height and barrel height ratio, collection time and material drying time. The optimum matrix height and barrel height ratio (A), collection time (B), material drying time (C) were 18%, 4min and 44h. were optimal, and insect fungus Bb3088 most The large estimated value was 20.9mg/g, which was improved by 221.5%. using the double gas rotating device before optimization. The optimum collection parameters were used to collect the Ma2677 spores of the entomophytic fungi, and the maximum spore production was 42.2mg/g. The purity of the spores collected by the double gas rotation method was improved by 162.1%. to verify the purity of the spores, Bb3088 and the entomopathogenic fungi. The sporophyte morphology of the entomophytic fungus Ma2677 was observed macroscopic and microscopic. It was found that the collected entomophytic fungi, Bb3088 and the entomogenic fungus Ma2677 spores, were similar to the fine talcum powder powder, which did not contain mycelium and impurities, and was very pure. This shows that the double gas rotation method is a better method for separating the spores.
The static test only takes into account the influence of the components of microbes on the electromagnetic attenuation. In order to study the absorption and scattering of the electromagnetic wave, the dynamic smoke box test is carried out. The test bands are mainly visible, medium and far infrared, and the content of the test items has the smoke transmission rate, the quality extinction coefficient and the effectiveness. The results showed that the Bb3088 spores of the entomophytic fungi were in the visible and middle infrared bands, the transmittance of the sporophyte was less than 15%, the mass extinction coefficient was more than 1g/m2, the effective masking time was more than 60s, and the Bb3088 spores of the entomogenic fungi could be used as good electromagnetic attenuates for the two bands of visible light and mid infrared. The Ma2677 of entomogenic fungi was Ma2677 When the spores are in the middle infrared band, the transmittance is less than 15%, the mass extinction coefficient is more than 1g/m2, the effective masking time is more than 60s, and the extinction performance is good, which can be used as the better electromagnetic attenuant in the middle infrared band.
After the static test and the smoke screen test, the final determination of the endophytic fungi Bb3088 and the entomotic fungi Ma2677 spores have very good electromagnetic attenuation performance. Their excellent attenuation characteristics are determined by the composition and morphology. In order to further improve the decay ability of these two fungal spores, the static test and large scale are used to test and large by the method of liquid chromatography. The composition of the Bb3088 and the Ma2677 spores of the entomotic fungi with better electromagnetic attenuation were determined by the smoke box test. The electromagnetic attenuation effects of two kinds of ester lecithin and ergosterol in the spores were studied. The results showed that the Bb3088 spores of the parasite were added to the angle of 1:1 in the proportion of 1:1. After sterol and lecithin, the absorption peaks of the corresponding bands increased by 19% and 11%., respectively, when ergosterol and lecithin were added to the 1:1 in the Ma2677 spores of the entomophyll fungi. The absorption peaks of the corresponding bands increased by 22% and 14%., so that the specific components in the microorganism samples could be contained by mutagenesis, molecular modification, and condition optimization. The purpose of increasing the electromagnetic attenuation of a specific band is increased.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB321

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本文編號：1852028