發(fā)布時間：2018-07-05 15:20

  本文選題：刑事科學技術 + 科技強偵　； 參考：《湖南大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】：“科技”特指刑事科學技術，是公安機關的刑事技術部門在刑事偵查活動中，按照刑事訴訟法的規(guī)定，運用現代科學技術的理論和方法，發(fā)現、記錄、提取、識別和鑒定與刑事案件有關的各種物證、書證，為偵查、起訴、審判工作提供線索和證據的各種專門技術的總稱。刑事科學技術是偵破刑事案件的重要手段，在公安工作中有著重要的地位和作用�？萍紡妭删褪菆猿中淌驴茖W技術是第一破案力的思想，，牢固樹立向刑事科學技術要戰(zhàn)斗力的意識，把刑事科學技術擺在刑事案件偵破工作中的重要位置，通過刑事科學技術在刑偵工作中的廣泛應用，提高刑偵部門的破案率、戰(zhàn)斗力。 隨著信息化的發(fā)展，科學技術的突飛猛進以及法制保障的日益完善，面對越來越嚴峻的治安形勢，面對犯罪分子的高科技犯罪手段，公安機關再靠過去的人海戰(zhàn)術、手工操作、經驗辦案的傳統(tǒng)刑事偵查模式已不能適應形勢發(fā)展的需要。唯一的出路就是面對現實，立足現有，提高素質挖掘潛力，大力發(fā)展刑事科學技術，用先進的科學技術手段提高刑偵部門的整體戰(zhàn)斗力，有效地打擊犯罪，維護社會的穩(wěn)定和繁榮。 刑事科學技術主要包括：痕跡檢驗；刑事照相與錄相；文件檢驗；理化檢驗；法醫(yī)物證檢驗；DNA技術；測謊技術等。目前DNA技術主要存在的問題有生物物證提取人員素質不高、工作不夠細心；生物物證容易被污染；采樣的程序存在不合法情況；DNA鑒定過程中還受若干因素影響等。測謊技術主要存在的問題是缺少具體相關法律規(guī)定；測謊在不征得被測試人的同意時有侵犯人權的嫌疑；學界對測謊結論能否作為證據使用存在爭議；測謊人員水平參差不齊；測謊儀使用要求限制了測謊技術在基層公安機關的推廣等。文檢技術存在的問題是缺少全國統(tǒng)一的鑒定程序規(guī)則和技術性標準；鑒定文書有待完善；筆跡檢驗未實現檢驗自動化；缺乏全國性的文件物質材料庫。對以上DNA技術、測謊技術、文件檢驗工作中存在的問題深入分析，找出解決的辦法，無疑對刑事科學技術的發(fā)展具有很強的借鑒作用和指導意義。
[Abstract]:"Science and technology" specifically refers to criminal science and technology. It refers to the criminal technical departments of public security organs in their criminal investigation activities, and in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal procedure Law, using the theories and methods of modern science and technology to discover, record and extract, The identification and identification of various physical evidence, documentary evidence, and various specialized techniques that provide clues and evidence for the investigation, prosecution, and trial of criminal cases. Criminal science and technology is an important means to solve criminal cases and plays an important role in public security work. Strengthening investigation by science and technology means insisting that criminal science and technology is the first power to solve a case, firmly establishing the consciousness of fighting capacity to criminal science and technology, and placing criminal science and technology in an important position in the work of criminal case detection. Through the extensive application of criminal science and technology in criminal investigation, the crime detection rate and combat effectiveness of criminal investigation department are improved. With the development of information technology, the rapid development of science and technology and the increasing perfection of the legal system, in the face of more and more severe public security situation, facing the high-tech criminal means of criminals, the public security organs rely on the past crowd tactics, manual operation, The traditional criminal investigation mode of experience can not meet the needs of the development of the situation. The only way out is to face the reality, base on the existing situation, improve the quality and tap the potential, vigorously develop criminal science and technology, use advanced scientific and technological means to improve the overall combat effectiveness of the criminal investigation department, and effectively crack down on crime. Maintain social stability and prosperity. Criminal science and technology mainly include: trace examination; criminal photography and video recording; document examination; physical and chemical examination; forensic physical evidence testing; DNA technology; lie detection technology. At present, the main problems of DNA technology are that the quality of the biological evidence extractor is not high, the work is not careful enough, the biological material evidence is liable to be contaminated, the sampling procedure is illegal and the process of DNA identification is still affected by a number of factors, etc. The main problems of lie detection technology are lack of specific relevant laws and regulations; lie detection is suspected of violating human rights without the consent of the subjects; academic circles have disputes about whether the conclusions can be used as evidence; the level of lie-detector personnel is not uniform; The application requirements of polygraph restrict the popularization of lie detection technology in basic public security organs. The problems of document inspection technology are the lack of national uniform identification procedure rules and technical standards; the identification documents need to be improved; the handwriting inspection does not realize the automation of inspection; and the lack of a nationwide document material library. To the above DNA technology, lie detection technology, document inspection work in depth analysis of the existing problems, find out the solution, no doubt for the development of criminal science and technology has a strong reference and guiding significance.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D918

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