發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-21 23:14

  本文選題：犯罪性動(dòng)機(jī) + 需要��； 參考：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2009年博士論文

【摘要】： 只有真正探索到犯罪人想從犯罪行為中得到什么時(shí),我們才有可能把握犯罪人與犯罪心理的本質(zhì)。對(duì)犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)與犯罪性人格的研究正是這一探索努力的核心組成部分之一。犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)是推動(dòng)行為人實(shí)施犯罪行為的內(nèi)部力量,包括“犯罪的動(dòng)機(jī)”與“犯罪性動(dòng)機(jī)”兩個(gè)層面的理解(犯罪性動(dòng)機(jī)居于核心地位)。犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)作為犯罪人個(gè)性傾向性的因素之一,在犯罪心理結(jié)構(gòu)中具有非常重要的價(jià)值,是犯罪心理學(xué)中居于核心地位的理論與對(duì)策系統(tǒng)。本文以社會(huì)生物學(xué)之“自私傾向說”為理論假設(shè),試圖論證犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)與需要體系、社會(huì)文化與個(gè)體人格之間的密切關(guān)系;其形成模式表現(xiàn)為以缺失性需要為基本內(nèi)容的需要在社會(huì)文化的作用下,通過模仿、角色認(rèn)同、認(rèn)知選擇、自我強(qiáng)化等途徑現(xiàn)實(shí)性地表達(dá)為直接性的犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)與穩(wěn)定化的犯罪性人格。 動(dòng)機(jī)理論的發(fā)展表現(xiàn)為本能需要論、誘因刺激論、強(qiáng)化理論、認(rèn)知情感理論等,它們各具有科學(xué)性的要素,是從不同維度對(duì)人類行為動(dòng)機(jī)的探索與分析;本文持辯證法與協(xié)同論的動(dòng)機(jī)觀點(diǎn),以全面性地分析犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)(因素、成分與機(jī)制三個(gè)方面)、本質(zhì)與特征。犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)的價(jià)值表現(xiàn)為,通過犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)之核心地位與作用,犯罪心理學(xué)必然成為法律心理學(xué)以及刑事一體化之理論與實(shí)證性的重要支持領(lǐng)域。 犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)受多種因素的決定。人的本能與需要是犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)形成與發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)性來源,犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)是優(yōu)勢(shì)需要在特定文化、規(guī)范作用下的直接反映。在此,以需要層次為基礎(chǔ),犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)與生理需要、安全需要、歸屬需要、成就需要、自尊需要、認(rèn)知需要、審美需要、自我實(shí)現(xiàn)需要之間存在著相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)關(guān)系、層階關(guān)系,并個(gè)體化地表征為具體的犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)成分。其中無意識(shí)犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)具有特殊性,在過失犯罪、未成年人犯罪、激情犯罪與變態(tài)性犯罪及群體犯罪中存在著一定成分、一定程度的無意識(shí)犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)。 犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)受多種機(jī)制的決定。在自然人的社會(huì)化過程中,優(yōu)勢(shì)需要并不會(huì)自然地、直接地轉(zhuǎn)化為犯罪動(dòng)機(jī);需要只是犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)形成的起源,雖然它們是根本性的前提,但并不是必然的結(jié)果。個(gè)體所處的社會(huì)環(huán)境與文化力量必然地通過同化與順應(yīng)的心理機(jī)制發(fā)揮著作用。犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)形成的個(gè)體機(jī)制涉及意識(shí)與無意識(shí)方面:模仿機(jī)制、交換機(jī)制、壓力機(jī)制、期待機(jī)制、歸因機(jī)制以及生理神經(jīng)機(jī)制、防御機(jī)制等。 在多種因素與多種機(jī)制的支配下,犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)具體體現(xiàn)為生理成分(以生存本能、性本能、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)本能與勇敢本能為代表)、行為成分(以犯罪誘因力、犯罪目標(biāo)定向、犯罪行為習(xí)慣為代表)、認(rèn)知成分(以犯罪目標(biāo)價(jià)值、犯罪合理化、犯罪自我效能感、犯罪思維模式為代表)與情緒成分(以追求快樂、避免痛苦與情緒宣泄力為代表)等四個(gè)方面。 犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)與犯罪性人格本質(zhì)上是一致的。持續(xù)作用的犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)形成犯罪性人格;犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)典型表征為犯罪性人格,是犯罪性人格的核心內(nèi)容。犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)并非生物基因在社會(huì)規(guī)范中的機(jī)械化表達(dá),而是個(gè)體有意識(shí)自我的認(rèn)知與情感的體現(xiàn),犯罪性人格正是個(gè)體犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)在認(rèn)知與情感方面穩(wěn)定性、發(fā)展性的身心組織。 犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)作為犯罪心理結(jié)構(gòu)的重要力量,形成于犯罪行為之前。犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)的存在并不必然導(dǎo)致犯罪行為,沒有犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)就不可能導(dǎo)致犯罪(對(duì)于絕大多數(shù)犯罪而言)。犯罪行為具有理智型與情感型兩種類型模式,它們都具有道德、法律、人際關(guān)系、能力與特殊阻卻力量。 犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)的存在并不是靜態(tài)的。本文結(jié)合人格發(fā)展理論,闡述了犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)在個(gè)體社會(huì)化過程中、在個(gè)體犯罪演化的不同階段中的發(fā)展變化體現(xiàn)。 本文以生物-社會(huì)文化-人格的協(xié)同模式,以整體人的觀念理解犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)的力量來源、結(jié)構(gòu)模式、發(fā)展變化及其特殊性的表現(xiàn);以此推論犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)在刑事司法實(shí)踐中體現(xiàn)為以關(guān)注犯罪人主體因素(需要體系、目標(biāo)體系、自我控制體系等)為核心的人格刑法觀念以及罪犯改造、罪犯回歸之犯罪行為人中心的理性策略。
[Abstract]:Only when we really find out what the offender wants to get from the criminal act, it is possible for us to grasp the nature of the criminal and the criminal psychology. The research on the motive and the criminal personality is one of the core components of this exploration. The motive of the crime is the internal force to promote the behavior of the perpetrator to commit the crime, including the crime. The motivation of "motive" and "criminal motivation" are the two levels of understanding (the core status of criminal motivation). As one of the factors of the personality tendency of the criminal, the motive of the crime is of great value in the psychological structure of the criminal. It is the theory and countermeasure system of the core position in the criminal psychology. This article is based on the social biology. The theory of selfish inclination "is a theoretical hypothesis, trying to demonstrate the close relationship between the motive and demand system of the crime, the social culture and the individual personality, and its formation model is expressed as a realistic expression of the need for the lack of the need for the basic content, under the role of social culture, through imitation, role identification, cognitive selection, and self strengthening. Direct criminal motive and stable criminal personality.
The development of motivation theory is characterized by instinctive need theory, inducement theory, strengthening theory, cognitive emotion theory and so on. They have various scientific elements, and they are the exploration and analysis of human behavior motivation from different dimensions. In this paper, the motivation viewpoint of dialectics and synergism is held to analyze the structure of criminal motivation in a full face (factors, components and machines). Three aspects), the essence and the characteristic. The value of the criminal motive is expressed as the core position and function of the criminal motive, and the criminal psychology will inevitably become the important support field of the theory and the positivism of the legal psychology and the criminal integration.
The motive of the crime is determined by many factors. Human instinct and needs are the basic sources of the formation and development of the motive of the crime. The motive of the crime is the direct reflection of the advantage needs in the specific culture and the function of the norm. Here, the basis of the needs, the motive and the physiological needs of the crime, the need of security, the need of belonging, the need of achievement, the need of self-esteem, the cognition There is a relative superiority relationship between the needs, the needs of the aesthetic and the needs of self realization, the relationship between the layers, and the individualized surface sign as the specific motive component of the crime. Among them, the motive of the unconscious crime is special. There are certain components in the negligent crime, the juvenile delinquency, the passion crime and the abnormal crime and the group crime. The motive of the unconscious crime.
The motive of the crime is determined by various mechanisms. In the process of the socialization of natural people, the advantage needs not to be naturally and directly translated into the motive of the crime; the need is only the origin of the formation of the motive of the crime, although they are the fundamental premise, but not the inevitable result. The social environment and cultural strength of the individual are bound to be assimilated by assimilation. It plays a role in the psychological mechanism of adaptation. The individual mechanism of the formation of criminal motivation involves awareness and unconsciousness, such as imitative mechanism, exchange mechanism, pressure mechanism, expectation mechanism, attribution mechanism, physiological and neural mechanism, defense mechanism, etc.
Under the control of a variety of factors and various mechanisms, the motive of the crime is embodied in the physical component (with the survival instinct, the sexual instinct, the competitive instinct and the bravery instinct as the representative), the behavioral component (with the criminal inducement, the crime goal orientation, the criminal behavior habit as the representative), and the cognitive component (with the target value of the crime, the rationalization of the crime, the sense of self efficacy of the crime. " The criminal thinking pattern is represented by four aspects: emotional composition (pursuit of happiness, avoidance of pain and emotional catharsis).
The motive of the crime is in accordance with the nature of the criminal personality. The motive of the continuing action is a criminal personality; the motive of the crime is typical of the criminal personality and the core content of the criminal personality. The motive of the crime is not the mechanized expression of the biological gene in the social norms, but the embodiment of the cognition and emotion of the individual's conscious self. Criminal personality is the stability of individual motivation in cognition and emotion, and the developmental body and mind organization.
As an important force in the psychological structure of the crime, the motive of the crime is formed before the criminal act. The existence of the motive of the crime does not necessarily lead to the criminal behavior. Without the motive of the crime, it can not lead to the crime (for the vast majority of the crimes). The criminal act has two types of rational and emotional types, all of which have morality, law, and people. Interrelationship, ability and special resistance.
The existence of the motive of the crime is not static. This article, based on the theory of personality development, expounds the development and change of the crime motive in the process of individual socialization and in the different stages of the evolution of individual crime.
This paper, based on the cooperative model of biological social culture personality, understands the source of power, structure, development and particularity of the crime motive by the concept of the whole person, and deduce that the criminal motive is embodied in the criminal judicial practice as the core of the criminal's main factors (the system of need, the target system, the self control system, etc.) as the core. The concept of personality, criminal law and the rational strategy of criminals' transformation and the return of criminals to the center of crime.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D917.2

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本文編號(hào)：2050449