發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-15 15:28

  本文選題：社會(huì)治理 + 社會(huì)穩(wěn)定　； 參考：《蘇州大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：逾三十年的經(jīng)濟(jì)超常規(guī)增長(zhǎng)帶來(lái)的利益極速生長(zhǎng)與不平等的利益分配體制,使得源自于經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)領(lǐng)域的利益分化與利益訴求日益彰顯,在無(wú)法獲得有效體制性回應(yīng)的前提條件下,引發(fā)出日漸頻繁的社會(huì)沖突,這就在現(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)空中形成了對(duì)政治體制改革的“倒逼”情狀。事實(shí)上,隨著制度改革的收益分配形態(tài)從“全民普惠式”漸次轉(zhuǎn)型為“精英主導(dǎo)式”,基于利益主體、利益內(nèi)容和利益關(guān)系多元化的社會(huì)關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)型勢(shì)必漸融到社會(huì)公眾的日常生活中來(lái),利益關(guān)系的自適與相適過(guò)程已在民眾生活中初露端倪,從而愈發(fā)凸顯出社會(huì)利益關(guān)系之于社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定的決定性因應(yīng)關(guān)系。長(zhǎng)效社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的構(gòu)建不是要追求一個(gè)無(wú)差別無(wú)矛盾的社會(huì),而是要在不同利益群體之間建立一個(gè)有序的關(guān)系。然而,伴隨著“單位制”的社會(huì)組織形式被打破,市場(chǎng)運(yùn)作邏輯的彌散式影響消除了人們對(duì)單位的依附,從而使得計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代整個(gè)社會(huì)的“集體性”利益結(jié)構(gòu)迅速解體,社會(huì)民眾只能依賴其個(gè)體的能力,而無(wú)法通過(guò)組織化、結(jié)構(gòu)化的群體形式來(lái)表達(dá)利益訴求。這使社會(huì)個(gè)體的利益訴求常常難以得到應(yīng)有的關(guān)注和滿足,經(jīng)久累積的怨恨逐漸會(huì)消融社會(huì)張力,進(jìn)而誘發(fā)非直接利益相關(guān)的社會(huì)沖突。然而,在當(dāng)前的維穩(wěn)實(shí)踐中,卻往往以組織化調(diào)控為主要手段,通過(guò)持續(xù)性的政治與行政施壓,將民眾訴求限定于一定的秩序之內(nèi),以社會(huì)公眾的政治話語(yǔ)管控實(shí)現(xiàn)短期內(nèi)的相對(duì)封閉、靜態(tài)的“剛性穩(wěn)定”,從而陷入政治統(tǒng)治斷裂和社會(huì)管制秩序失范的巨大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中。因此,基于利益分化事實(shí)和社會(huì)個(gè)體力量的非均衡情狀,要建構(gòu)維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制,就必須在政治層面構(gòu)建致力于實(shí)現(xiàn)利益主體平等對(duì)話的平臺(tái)與機(jī)制,通過(guò)平等對(duì)話溝通,消除彼此間的對(duì)立,形成多元利益主體間的互動(dòng)。正如約翰·德賴澤克所言：“對(duì)民主而言,它能夠做到的第一件事應(yīng)該是嚴(yán)肅的溝通交流,克服那些扭曲這種溝通的障礙是至關(guān)緊要的。”然而,不同社會(huì)群體間的話語(yǔ)權(quán)分配已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重失衡。我們不得不承認(rèn)的—個(gè)事實(shí)：涉及弱勢(shì)群體利益的時(shí)候,往往要靠政府和大眾媒體來(lái)為他們說(shuō)話,他們自己的聲音是很微弱的。說(shuō)句老實(shí)話,如果政府和媒體都不為他們說(shuō)話,他們自己很難具有有效地表達(dá)和追求自己利益的手段。因此,中國(guó)場(chǎng)域的民主變革首先應(yīng)以公共協(xié)商為維度,建構(gòu)主體間的基礎(chǔ)對(duì)話平臺(tái),配合以地方選舉與社區(qū)自治,從而使主體間對(duì)話擁有更扎實(shí)的制度基礎(chǔ)與更切近現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的交互空間,這樣才能促成社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的長(zhǎng)效實(shí)現(xiàn)。結(jié)構(gòu)維度,是指利益均衡治理的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)。利益均衡治理結(jié)構(gòu)不僅僅著眼于政府內(nèi)部系統(tǒng)的整體性運(yùn)作,而且強(qiáng)調(diào)政府系統(tǒng)外部不同組織間以及它們與政府系統(tǒng)的互動(dòng)合作。在探討利益均衡治理網(wǎng)絡(luò)多元節(jié)點(diǎn)屬性的基礎(chǔ)上,著重分析了政府內(nèi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和政府外網(wǎng)絡(luò),并藉此提出了利益均衡治理元網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型。元網(wǎng)絡(luò)是所有節(jié)點(diǎn)都參與、所有紐帶都運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)締結(jié)而成的利益均衡治理網(wǎng)絡(luò),它是一種制度設(shè)計(jì)和戰(zhàn)略愿景,基本構(gòu)成要素包括利益均衡治理權(quán)力、利益均衡治理工具和利益均衡治理目標(biāo),具有資源整合、縱橫聯(lián)合、協(xié)同治理三重功能。信息維度,是指利益均衡治理中的信息流動(dòng)。信息流動(dòng)的路徑一般呈現(xiàn)鏈條狀：信息主體→信息渠道→信息客體。信息博弈主體包括政府、社會(huì)和公民等多元節(jié)點(diǎn),信息博弈策略是多元節(jié)點(diǎn)傳遞信息的方式方法和行為選擇。具體由三組信息博弈關(guān)系組成：一是政府與公民間信息博弈,二是政府與社會(huì)間信息博弈,三是社會(huì)與公民間信息博弈。信息流動(dòng)過(guò)程中可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生各種噪音,主要以負(fù)性情緒的形式存在。利益均衡中負(fù)性情緒是以寄生的方式生存的。負(fù)性情緒的寄生性使人們信任負(fù)性情緒：內(nèi)容寄生性為負(fù)性情緒提供了載體,心理寄生性給負(fù)性情緒提供了養(yǎng)料,路徑寄生性是負(fù)性情緒傳遞的通道。負(fù)性情緒能在利益均衡中生存,依賴于聯(lián)網(wǎng)能力和同化能力。行為維度,剖析了利益均衡治理的行為邏輯。它具有三個(gè)層次,政府層次的行為邏輯取決于利益均衡生命周期和利益失衡危害程度。社會(huì)層次的行為邏輯包括自發(fā)型和引導(dǎo)型兩種類型,自發(fā)型參與演化發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵在于實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)部的合作；引導(dǎo)型參與演化發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵在于實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間的協(xié)調(diào)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)層次的行為邏輯受制于公共產(chǎn)品的供需結(jié)構(gòu)。利益均衡的各個(gè)階段,需要不同形態(tài)的公共產(chǎn)品：但是具體到某一特定階段,某種形態(tài)的公共產(chǎn)品需求會(huì)占主導(dǎo)。由于利益均衡中公共產(chǎn)品形態(tài)的多樣性和性質(zhì)的多變性,因此利益均衡中公共產(chǎn)品供給必須采用多元供給模式,即由利益均衡治理網(wǎng)絡(luò)供給。
[Abstract]:In more than thirty years, the rapid growth of economic and unequal economic growth and unequal benefit distribution system has made the interest differentiation and interest demand increasingly evident from the economic and social fields, and caused the increasingly frequent social conflicts under the condition that the effective institutional response can not be obtained. This has formed in the real time and space. In fact, as the income distribution form of the system reform is gradually transformed from "universal universal type" to "elite dominant", the transformation of social relations based on the interest subject, the diversity of interests and interests will gradually melt into the daily life of the social public. And the process of adaptation has emerged in the life of the people, and thus more and more the decisive cause of social harmony and stability. The construction of long-term social stability is not to pursue an undifferentiated and incompatible society, but to establish an orderly relationship between different groups of interests. The social organization form of the position system is broken. The dispersion influence of the market operation logic eliminates the dependence of the people on the unit, thus making the collective interest structure of the whole society disintegrated rapidly in the time of the planned economy, and the social people can only rely on their individual ability, but can not express the benefits through the organization and the structured group form. This makes the demands of the individual's interests often difficult to get due attention and satisfaction. The long accumulated resentment will gradually melt the social tension and induce the non direct interest related social conflicts. However, in the current stability practice, the organizational regulation is often used as the main means and through the continuous political and administrative application. The public demand is limited to a certain order, and the public's political discourse is controlled to realize the relative closure in the short term, and the static "rigid stability" will fall into the huge risk of the break of political rule and the anomie of the social regulation order. Therefore, the unbalanced situation based on the disintegration of interests and the individual power of the society should be built. For the long-term mechanism of maintaining social stability, it is necessary to construct a platform and mechanism devoted to the realization of an equal dialogue between the stakeholders at the political level, to communicate through an equal dialogue, to eliminate the opposition between each other, and to form a multi stakeholder interaction. As John Dryzek said, "for democracy, the first thing it can do is to do it." It is a serious communication to overcome the obstacles that distort such communication. "However, the distribution of discourse rights between different social groups has been seriously unbalanced. We have to admit the fact that when the interests of the vulnerable groups are involved, the government and the mass media are often used to speak for them, their own voice. If the government and the media do not speak for them, it is difficult for them to express and pursue their own interests effectively. Therefore, the democratic change in the Chinese field should first take public consultation as the dimension, construct the basic dialogue platform among the subjects, cooperate with local elections and community autonomy, so that The intersubjective dialogue has a more solid institutional basis and a more interactive space which is closer to the real life. In this way, the long-term realization of social stability can be achieved. The structure dimension refers to the network structure of the balance of interest governance. The benefit equilibrium governance structure not only focuses on the whole operation of the internal system of the government, but also emphasizes the external differences of the government system. Inter organization and their interaction with the government system. On the basis of exploring the attributes of multiple nodes in the interest equilibrium governance network, the internal network of the government and the external network of the government are emphatically analyzed, and an equilibrium governance meta network model is proposed. The governance network is a kind of system design and strategic vision. The basic elements include the balance of interest governance power, the benefit equilibrium governance tool and the interest equilibrium governance target, with the resources integration, the vertical and horizontal joint, and the synergistic governance three functions. The information dimension is the information flow in the balance of interest management. The path of information flow is generally presented. The present chain bar: information subject, information channel and information object. The main body of information game consists of multiple nodes such as government, society and citizen. Information game strategy is the way and behavior choice of multiple nodes to transmit information. It is composed of three groups of information game relations: one is the information game between the government and the citizen, and the two is between the government and the society. Information game, three is the information game between society and citizen. In the process of information flow, there may be a variety of noise, mainly in the form of negative emotion. Negative emotion in the balance of interest is living in the way of parasitism. The parasitism of negative emotion makes people trust negative emotions: the inner tolerance is the carrier of negative emotion. The parasitism provides a nourishment to negative emotions. The path parasitism is the channel of negative emotional transmission. Negative emotions can survive in the balance of interests and depend on the ability of networking and assimilation. The behavioral logic of the balance of interest is analyzed. It has three levels, and the behavioral logic of the government level depends on the balance of interest life. The behavioral logic of the social level includes two types of self hairstyle and guide type. The key to the evolution of self style participation is to realize the cooperation within the network; the key to the evolutionary development of the guiding type lies in the realization of the coordination between the networks. The behavioral logic of the network layer is subject to the supply of public products. Different forms of public products are needed in each stage of the balance of interests. But at a specific stage, the demand for a certain form of public products will dominate. Because of the diversity and nature of the diversity and nature of the public product form in the balance of interests, the supply of public products must adopt multiple supply modes in the balance of interests. It is provided by the balance of interests to govern the network.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D631.4;D630
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本文編號(hào)：2022528