本文選題：唐五代詞 + 女性　； 參考：《廣西師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國古代文學作品中不乏比喻手法的運用,尤其當作品的描寫對象為女性時,多采用比喻的手法來進行描寫,在這一類作品中也往往出現(xiàn)了許多出神入化的對女性外貌進行比喻的范例。比喻有三個要素,即本體、喻體和喻詞。作者之所以青睞采用比喻的手法來展現(xiàn)女性的美感特質,是因為比喻能夠通過將女性與其喻體產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系的方法,使女性的形象如喻體一般,栩栩如生地展現(xiàn)在讀者面前。作者在描寫女性時,由于女性的美是抽象的,而當這種抽象的美需要被具象化時,則需要通過某種具體的事物作為橋梁將其表現(xiàn)出來。詞,特別是唐五代詞,就是以描寫女性形象為主要內(nèi)容的文體,在描寫女性形象時,唐五代詞使用了相當多的比喻手法。唐五代詞中的女性喻體的使用首先在數(shù)量上達到了一個高峰,其次在手法和技巧的運用方面也較為純熟。唐五代詞作者習慣用各種各樣的喻體來形容女性或者女性身體的某些部位,當詞中的描寫對象,即本體是女性時,喻體可以是很多種不同的類型,這些不同類型的喻體在展現(xiàn)女性特質時有著不同的功用。按照這些喻體的不同屬性以及在表達上的不同功用,能夠將唐五代詞女性喻體分為植物類、動物類、器物類、自然景觀類等類別,這種分類方法有助于參照具體的詞對唐五代詞中出現(xiàn)的女性喻體進行系統(tǒng)的分析和研究。第一章主要介紹了中國古代文學作品中用比喻手法來描寫女性的文學傳統(tǒng),明確不同時代的作者,為何不約而同地選擇使用比喻的形式來表現(xiàn)女性的美。以及介紹在唐五代詞中,作者是如何運用比喻的手法展現(xiàn)出女性的美感特質。第二章主要是按照唐五代詞中女性喻體的不同屬性以及在表達上的不同功用,對其進行了分類,大致分為植物類、動物類、器物類、自然景觀類等幾類。并明確不同類型的唐五代詞女性喻體所表現(xiàn)出的不同特點,以及作者使用不同喻體進行描述的原因,總結出不同種類的喻體在表現(xiàn)女性美上的不同特點和不同功用。如植物類喻體在選擇上具有小,柔,美,艷的特點,且都為周圍較為常見之景。動物類喻體在選擇上具有小,溫順的特點,且詞中的動物類喻體有不同于詩中的動物的特點。器物類喻體在選擇上具有小、貴、美、色淺的特點,且都具有一定的文化內(nèi)涵。自然景觀類喻體在選擇上具有柔、美、透明的特點,且多為日常生活常見之美景。綜合以上喻體的特點能夠看出唐五代詞在女性喻體的選擇上總體傾向于小而美的喻體。第三章主要分析了唐五代詞女性喻體風格形成的原因,主要有以下幾點:首先,社會環(huán)境方面,一是唐五代浮艷社會風氣的影響,二是女性地位及男性玩賞心態(tài)的影響,三是文學審美意識發(fā)展的必然結果,四是城市化與園林藝術發(fā)展的影響,五是地域文化的影響。其次,詞內(nèi)生環(huán)境方面,一是詞產(chǎn)生于綺艷歌臺的特殊創(chuàng)作環(huán)境,二是文學創(chuàng)作發(fā)展的必然需要,三是創(chuàng)作主體自身審美取向的偏好。第四章主要分析了唐五代詞女性喻體所呈現(xiàn)的特點。即唐五代詞女性喻體具有多且集中、細致,與其鋪排使用的特點;具有精巧艷麗的特點;具有風格婉約朦朧的特點;具有喻體均為褒義,美化女性的特點;具有弱化喻體的隱喻性的特點;具有程式化運用女性喻體進行寫作的特點等。第五章主要研究了唐五代詞女性喻體體現(xiàn)的社會文化意義,主要分為文學和文化兩方面。文學方面,一是體現(xiàn)寫女性形象的文學傳統(tǒng),二是從喻體的使用情況可以看出詞的風格特點,三是體現(xiàn)了詞為艷科的特點,四是喻體程式化寫作對宋詞在女性描寫方面的影響等。文化方面,一是體現(xiàn)了唐五代享樂的社會風氣,二是體現(xiàn)了男權視閾下的綺靡化審美,三是體現(xiàn)了對特定階層女性真實生活狀況的還原等。女性喻體在唐五代詞中的運用之廣泛,技巧之純熟,是一個十分值得研究的文學現(xiàn)象。女性喻體在數(shù)量上和寫作技巧上的突出成就,也奠定了唐五代詞在女性形象描寫上的重要地位。故而從唐五代詞中的女性喻體作為切入點,來探討女性喻體乃至女性形象對當時文學和文化所產(chǎn)生的影響,具有十分重要的研究意義。
[Abstract]:There are no lack of the use of figurative techniques in Chinese ancient literary works. Especially when the description of the works is a woman, it is often described by metaphorical techniques. In this kind of works, there are often many examples of metaphorical figurations of women's appearance. There are three elements, namely, noumenon, metonymy and metaphor. The use of metaphorical techniques to show the aesthetic characteristics of women is because the metaphor can make the female image as a metaphor in front of the reader through the method of linking the female to its metaphor. The author's beauty is abstract when the woman is depicting the female, and the abstract beauty needs to be figurated. When the words, especially the Tang and five pronouns, are the style of describing the female image as the main content, the Tang five pronoun uses quite a lot of metaphor in describing the female image. The use of the female metaphor in the Tang and five pronouns has reached a peak in number. Second, the use of techniques and techniques is more familiar. The Tang and five pronoun writers used a variety of metaphors to describe some parts of the female or female body. When the description object in the word, that is, the noumenon is a woman, the metonymy can be a variety of different types, and these different types of metonymy are not in the display of female characteristics. The same function. According to the different attributes of these metaphors and the different functions in the expression, the Tang five pronoun female metaphor can be divided into plant, animal, utensil, natural landscape and so on. This classification method is helpful to the systematic analysis and study of the female metaphor in the Tang and five pronouns. This paper mainly introduces the description of women's literary tradition in ancient Chinese literary works, and makes clear the author of different times and why they choose to use the form of metaphor to show the beauty of women. And in the five pronoun of Tang Dynasty, the author is how to show the beauty of women by means of metaphor. The second chapter is the main part. According to the different attributes of the female metaphor in the Tang and five pronoun and the different functions in the expression, it is classified into several categories, such as plant, animal, utensil, natural landscape, etc., and the different characteristics of the different types of Tang Wu pronoun female metaphor, as well as the original description of the different types of metonymy by the author. Because of the different characteristics and functions of different kinds of Metonymy in the expression of female beauty, such as the characteristics of small, soft, beautiful and brilliant, the plant metonymy is a more common scene around it. The animal metaphor has the characteristics of small and gentle in choice, and the animal metaphor in the word is different from the animal in the poem. The utensils have the characteristics of small, expensive, beautiful and light, and they all have some cultural connotations. The natural landscape metonymy has the characteristics of soft, beautiful and transparent, and most of the common scenery in daily life. The characteristics of the above metonymy can see that the Tang and five pronouns generally tend to be small and beautiful in the choice of female metaphor. The third chapter mainly analyzes the reasons for the formation of the style of the female metaphor of the Tang and five pronouns. The main reasons are as follows: first, the social environment, one is the influence of the colorful social atmosphere of the Tang and Five Dynasties, the two is the influence of the female status and the attitude of the men, and the three is the inevitable result of the development of the aesthetic appreciation of the literature, and the four is the urbanization and garden art hair. The influence of the exhibition, five is the influence of regional culture. Secondly, in the aspect of the endogenous environment, the first is the special creation environment of the CI, the two is the necessity of the development of literary creation, the three is the preference of the aesthetic orientation of the creative subject. The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the characteristics of the Tang and five pronoun female metaphor. That is, the Tang five pronoun female metaphor The body has the characteristics of multi and concentrated, meticulous, and its spread and use; it has the characteristics of exquisite and gorgeous; it has the characteristics of graceful and graceful style; it has the characteristics of commendatory, beautifying women; it has the metaphorical characteristics of weakening the metonymy; it has the characteristics of stylized use of female metaphor to write. The fifth chapter mainly studies the Five Dynasties of Tang Dynasty. The social and cultural significance embodied in the female metaphor is mainly divided into two aspects of literature and culture. In literature, one is the literary tradition of writing female images. The two is that the style and characteristics of words can be seen from the use of the metonymy, the three is the characteristics of the words as colourful, and the four is the shadow of the Song Ci in the description of the women in the stylized writing of the metaphor. In the cultural aspect, the cultural aspect embodies the social atmosphere of the enjoyment of the Tang and Five Dynasties, two reflects the aesthetical beauty of the male power, and the three is the reduction of the real life of the women in a particular class. The application of the female metaphor in the Tang and five pronouns is a literary phenomenon worthy of study. The outstanding achievement in quantity and writing skills also laid the important position of the Tang and five pronouns in the description of the female images. Therefore, from the female metaphor in the Tang and five pronouns as a breakthrough point, it is of great significance to study the influence of the female metaphor and the female image on the literature and culture at that time.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：I207.23

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