【摘要】： 4年前震驚全國的“孫志剛案”讓全國的戶口管理制度改革邁出了重要一步,大部分城市暫住證制度被取消。但阻礙人口遷移自由的城鄉(xiāng)二元戶口制度仍在各大中城市擔(dān)負(fù)著控制城市人口機(jī)械增長的重要作用遷入城市的人口一方面創(chuàng)造出巨大的社會(huì)財(cái)富,另一方面又可能造成一系列的社會(huì)問題,如就業(yè)困難、交通擁擠、治安惡化等,發(fā)展中國家尤其如此。這些可能產(chǎn)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)導(dǎo)致我國的城鄉(xiāng)二元戶口制度遲遲得不到改革。但是幾乎所有的國家,除朝鮮、中國等少數(shù)國家外,都允許人口的遷移自由,沒有設(shè)置限制人口遷移的戶口壁壘,戶口管理制度并未影響人口遷移與城市化的進(jìn)程,也沒有干擾社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的正常運(yùn)行。隨著中國市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,城鄉(xiāng)二元戶口制度的弊病日益暴露,要求對中國現(xiàn)行戶口管理制度改革的呼聲日漸高漲。 本文認(rèn)為,中國必須加快戶口制度改革,建立以遷徙自由為目標(biāo)的一元制戶口管理制度,真正恢復(fù)公民的遷徙自由的權(quán)利,這不僅有利于國民素質(zhì)的全面提高和專長的發(fā)揮,尤其是對勞動(dòng)力資源配置的優(yōu)化,推動(dòng)中國城市化進(jìn)程和國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展具有重要作用。因此本文的研究具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和長期戰(zhàn)略意義。本文試從五個(gè)方面對中國戶口管理制度改革進(jìn)行闡述。 第一部分緒論闡述了文章寫作的背景,選題的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義以及國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀。 第二部分闡述了有關(guān)戶口管理的三個(gè)定義及制定戶口管理制度的理論依據(jù)。馬克思主義“兩種生產(chǎn)”理論告訴我們:戶口管理制度必須符合人類自身生產(chǎn)必須與物質(zhì)資料生產(chǎn)相適應(yīng)的原理。達(dá)托羅人口流動(dòng)模型認(rèn)為促進(jìn)人口流動(dòng)的基本力量,是比較利益與成本的理性經(jīng)濟(jì)考慮推力-拉力理論從影響遷移的因素、遷移量、遷移的流向和遷移者的特征四個(gè)方面為我們解釋了人口流動(dòng)的原因。這些理論運(yùn)用不同方法,得出相同的結(jié)論,那就是戶口管理制度要遵循人口遷移的客觀規(guī)律。 第三部分闡述中國現(xiàn)行戶口管理制度形成過程與成因。文章從理論、歷史、經(jīng)濟(jì)方面闡述了中國戶口管理制度的形成過程以及根源。在計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)物資缺乏的歲月,戶口管理制度曾經(jīng)發(fā)揮過重要的歷史作用。隨著以經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革為中心的中國社會(huì)生活各個(gè)方面的變革,現(xiàn)行戶口管理制度限制了人口遷徙的自由造成的各種弊端被顯現(xiàn)無疑。第四部分介紹、比較和借鑒了國外美國、歐洲以及日本的人口管理辦法。國外雖與我國人口管理辦法不同,但“戶口”管理仍然是世界各國最根本的社會(huì)管理制度,所不同的是,許多發(fā)達(dá)國家依靠的是市場加法制的手段,比我國單一的“行政審批”手段更有效合理,值得我國借鑒。 第五部分闡述了建立遷徙自由中國戶口管理制度的必要性、可行性,改革現(xiàn)行戶口管理制度,實(shí)現(xiàn)遷徙自由是人類生存的基本要求,現(xiàn)行戶口管理制度違背市場經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的基本要求,阻礙了中國城市化的進(jìn)程,阻礙了農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力的空間轉(zhuǎn)移,造成管理上的混亂,改革的必要性不言而喻。隨著改革開放的日漸全面和深入,中國市場經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行機(jī)制基本建成,流動(dòng)人口增長高峰已經(jīng)過去,人民對改革的承受能力不斷增強(qiáng),國家相關(guān)政策也不斷調(diào)整和出臺(tái),改革中國現(xiàn)行戶口管理制度、建立遷徙自由戶口制度的條件已基本成熟。 第六部分提出建立“以遷徙自由為戶口制度改革的目標(biāo),實(shí)行一元制戶口管理”的目標(biāo)和步驟。其主要內(nèi)容是建立身份平等的戶口管理制度,公民具有自主選擇離開原居住地到外地旅行或定居的遷徙自由,公民的遷徙自由不受戶口約束。一元制戶口制度是一種徹底的改革目標(biāo),但是具有較大風(fēng)險(xiǎn),因此如何控制社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)確保目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)成為關(guān)鍵,需要以漸進(jìn)的逐步從二元制向一元制過度的方式控制改革過程的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。文章認(rèn)為,為了確保改革目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)必須遵循四個(gè)原則,即按照漸進(jìn)式改革的方法、實(shí)行戶口與利益的整體脫鉤、社會(huì)相關(guān)部門的配套改革和健全立法依法管理,以保障改革的順利實(shí)施。為控制風(fēng)險(xiǎn)需要分為三個(gè)實(shí)施階段:一是省區(qū)之間二元居住證戶口管理制度實(shí)施階段;二是有條件省區(qū)內(nèi)部一元制戶口遷徙制度實(shí)施階段;三是全國省際之間一元制戶口遷徙制度實(shí)施階段。同時(shí)可考慮在不同的地區(qū),在不同的階段,可以有不同的選擇。 本文的新意是:第一、在國內(nèi)同類有關(guān)戶口改革相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)中,普遍存在就是論事討論戶口制度改革的現(xiàn)象,較少從理論上闡述人口遷移一般規(guī)律。本文對主要人口遷徙規(guī)律的理論:馬克思主義“兩種生產(chǎn)”理論、達(dá)托羅人口流動(dòng)模型理論、推力-拉力理論進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,為我國戶口管理制度的改革提供了重要理論依據(jù)。第二、中國戶口制度改革是具有高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、高難度的改革。文章敢于從難點(diǎn)入手,在提出一元制戶口管理制度改革目標(biāo)后,把控制風(fēng)險(xiǎn)作為重點(diǎn)研究對象,提出包括戶口和利益整體脫鉤等控制風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的四大原則,以及控制風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的三個(gè)漸進(jìn)式改革步驟,即采用居住證形式,分地區(qū)分步驟逐漸從二元戶口制度向一元制戶口制度過渡,最后完成全國性戶口制度改革。因此本文為中國戶口改革提供了可操作的思路和方法,具有一定的創(chuàng)新性和應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:4 years ago, the Sun Zhigang case, which shocked the whole country, made an important step in the reform of the household management system in the whole country. Most of the city's temporary residence permit system was cancelled. But the urban and rural two yuan residence system that hindered the free migration of the population still took the important role of controlling urban population mechanical growth in all large and medium-sized cities and moved into the population of the city on the one hand The creation of huge social wealth, on the other hand, may cause a series of social problems, such as employment difficulties, traffic congestion, public security and so on, especially in developing countries. These possible risks lead to the delay of the reform of the two yuan account system in urban and rural areas in China. Outside the country, the population is allowed to move freely, and there is no residence barrier to restrict the migration of the population. The household registration system does not affect the process of population migration and urbanization, nor does it interfere with the normal operation of the social economy. With the development of China's market economy, the maladies of the two yuan household system in urban and rural areas are increasingly exposed. The voice of the reform of the management system of the mouth of the mouth is rising.
This article holds that China must speed up the reform of the household registration system and establish a one yuan household registration system aimed at the freedom of migration to truly restore the rights of citizens' freedom of migration, which is not only conducive to the overall improvement of the national quality and the exertion of the expertise, especially the optimization of the allocation of labor resources, and the promotion of the process of urbanization and the nationals of China. Economic development has an important role. Therefore, the study of this paper has important practical significance and long-term strategic significance. This paper tries to elaborate on the reform of China's household registration management system from five aspects.
The first part of the introduction describes the background of the article, the practical significance of the topic selection and the research status at home and abroad.
The second part expounds the three definitions of household registration management and the theoretical basis for the establishment of the residence management system. The Marx doctrine "two kinds of production" theory tells us that the household management system must conform to the principle that human production must adapt to the production of material information. The basic force is the rational economic consideration of the comparative benefit and the cost, which explains the reasons for the migration of the population from the four aspects of the factors affecting migration, the quantity of migration, the flow direction and the characteristics of the migrants. These theories use different methods to draw the same conclusion that the household management system should follow the population migration. The objective law of migration.
The third part expounds the formation process and cause of the current account management system in China. The article expounds the forming process and root of the Chinese household registration system from the theoretical, historical and economic aspects. In the years of the lack of planned economic materials, the system of household registration management has played an important historical role. With the economic reform as the center In all aspects of social life in China, the current household registration system restricts the freedom caused by the freedom of population migration. The fourth part introduces the methods of population management in the United States, Europe and Japan. Although the foreign countries are different from the methods of population management in our country, the management of "hukou" is still the world. The most fundamental social management system in the world is different. Many developed countries rely on the means of the market plus the legal system, which are more effective and reasonable than the single "administrative examination and approval" means in our country. It is worth our reference.
The fifth part expounds the necessity, feasibility, reform of the current household registration system and the realization of freedom of migration is the basic requirement for human survival. The current household registration system violates the basic requirements of the operation of the market economy, hinders the process of urbanization in China and hinders the surplus labor in the countryside. Space transfer has caused confusion in management, and the necessity of reform is self-evident. With the increasingly comprehensive and deep reform and opening up, the operation mechanism of the Chinese market economy is basically completed, the peak of the population growth has passed, the people's ability to bear the reform has been continuously strengthened, and the relevant policies of the state have been constantly adjusted and introduced to reform the current households in China. Population management system and the conditions for establishing a free-migration household registration system have basically matured.
The sixth part puts forward the goal and steps of establishing "the goal of the reform of the freedom of migration as the residence system, the implementation of the one dollar household registration management". The main content is to establish an identity system of household registration, the citizen has the freedom to choose to travel or settle from the place of residence independently, and the freedom of the citizen's migration is not subject to the account of the residence. The one yuan account system is a thorough reform goal, but it has a great risk. So how to control the social risk is the key to ensure the realization of the goal. It is necessary to control the risk of the reform process gradually from the two yuan system to the one yuan system. The article believes that in order to ensure the realization of the reform goal, it must follow four. The principle, in accordance with the method of progressive reform, carries out the overall decoupling of the household registration and interest, the supporting reform of the social related departments and the sound legislation of the legislation in order to ensure the smooth implementation of the reform. It is divided into three implementation stages for the control of risk: one is the implementation stage of the two yuan residence registration system between provinces and regions; and two is the condition. The implementation stage of the one yuan household registration system in the province is implemented. Three is the implementation stage of the one dollar household registration system between provinces and provinces. At the same time, we can consider different regions and have different choices at different stages.
The new meaning of this article is: first, in the relevant documents related to household registration reform in China, the general existence is the discussion of the phenomenon of the reform of the household registration system, and less on the general rule of population migration in theory. The theory of the migration law of the main population in this paper is the theory of "two kinds of production" of Marx doctrine, the theory of the model of the population flow model of the darling. The thrust tension theory has been systematically studied, which provides an important theoretical basis for the reform of the household registration system in China. Second, the reform of the Chinese household registration system is a high risk and difficult reform. The four principles of controlling risk including the decoupling of the account and the benefit as a whole, and the three gradual reform steps of controlling the risk, that is, adopt the form of residence permit, step by step from the two yuan account system to the one yuan household registration system gradually, and finally complete the reform of the national household registration system. Therefore, this paper provides the reform of China's household registration. Operable ideas and methods have certain innovation and application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：D631.42

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5 鄭書前;企業(yè)基本經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)利論綱[D];西南政法大學(xué);2008年

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7 季安照;阻力與對策[D];浙江大學(xué);2010年

8 王文錄;人口城鎮(zhèn)化背景下的戶籍制度變遷研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2010年

9 桂家友;中國城鄉(xiāng)公民權(quán)利平等化問題研究（1949-2010）[D];華東師范大學(xué);2011年

10 廖丹;作為基本權(quán)利的居住權(quán)研究[D];武漢大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 闕江燕;建立以遷徙自由為目標(biāo)的中國戶口管理制度研究[D];上海交通大學(xué);2008年

2 張雅清;現(xiàn)行憲法遷徙自由條款的恢復(fù)研究[D];湖南大學(xué);2011年

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4 奚堅(jiān)平;論遷徙自由[D];安徽大學(xué);2004年

5 陸靜;論遷徙自由[D];中共中央黨校;2002年

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7 羅慶菊;遷徙自由在新中國的變遷[D];湘潭大學(xué);2006年

8 王凌云;我國戶口管理制度研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2007年

9 李光霞;論遷徙自由及其憲法保障[D];武漢大學(xué);2005年

10 陳曉東;遷徙自由視野下的政府移民[D];蘇州大學(xué);2009年

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