【摘要】：由于高精度雷達(dá)、衛(wèi)星通訊、電子對(duì)抗等方面的不斷發(fā)展,要求微波電真空器件的頻率不斷進(jìn)行提高。W波段電磁波處于微波大氣窗口,同時(shí)具有微波和紅外線的優(yōu)點(diǎn),如穿透性強(qiáng)、信號(hào)分辨率高、旁瓣低而難以被截獲等優(yōu)點(diǎn),具有廣泛的應(yīng)用空間,從而W波段的微波管越來(lái)越引起相關(guān)研究者的關(guān)注。本文研究的對(duì)象是大功率W波段(91-97GHz)的折疊波導(dǎo)行波管及其關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。折疊波導(dǎo)相比于螺旋線慢波結(jié)構(gòu),在散熱性和功率容量方面具有非常明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì),相比于耦合腔慢波結(jié)構(gòu),其工作帶寬要寬很多,而且有工藝簡(jiǎn)單、裝配方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。本文對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)該行波管的主要過(guò)程進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹,內(nèi)容主要包括:對(duì)電子光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的理論進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹。包括電子槍和聚焦系統(tǒng)的工作原理和理論計(jì)算,并利用ORION、HFSS等主要仿真軟件來(lái)分別進(jìn)行建模,經(jīng)過(guò)不斷的參數(shù)優(yōu)化,最終給出了滿足要求的仿真結(jié)果。對(duì)行波管的核心部分:折疊波導(dǎo)慢波線進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹。通過(guò)等效電路的方法分析慢波線的高頻特性,在此基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合仿真結(jié)果詳細(xì)說(shuō)明了慢波線各個(gè)尺寸參數(shù)對(duì)其高頻特性的影響,仿真結(jié)果顯示設(shè)計(jì)的慢波線在效率和帶寬等方面符合我們的需要。輸能裝置和衰減器的設(shè)計(jì)。介紹了盒型窗、過(guò)渡波導(dǎo)、衰減器的設(shè)計(jì)原則,盒型窗采用藍(lán)寶石作為窗片材料,過(guò)渡波導(dǎo)采用雙曲漸變結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)設(shè)計(jì),衰減器則采用新設(shè)計(jì)的E面漸變楔形結(jié)構(gòu)。從仿真得到的結(jié)果來(lái)看,各部件的的VSWR都在合理的范圍內(nèi)。效率提高關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的介紹。分別分析了用于提高行波管效率的相速漸變技術(shù)和多級(jí)降壓收集極技術(shù)的相關(guān)理論。根據(jù)其理論重新設(shè)計(jì)了采用相速漸變技術(shù)的慢波線,并通過(guò)仿真驗(yàn)證了該技術(shù)對(duì)效率提高的有效性;在原有二級(jí)降壓收集極的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)出了2種不同結(jié)構(gòu)的四級(jí)降壓收集極。仿真結(jié)果表明,新設(shè)計(jì)的四級(jí)降壓收集極使收集極效率有了明顯的提高。展示了最終制造的行波管及其各部件的實(shí)物圖,給出了其測(cè)試結(jié)果,并對(duì)測(cè)試結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析。
[Abstract]:Due to the development of high precision radar, satellite communication, electronic countermeasure and so on, it is required that the frequency of microwave and electric vacuum devices be improved continuously. The electromagnetic wave of .W band is in the microwave atmosphere window and has the advantages of microwave and infrared at the same time. Such as strong penetration, high signal resolution, low sidelobe and difficult to be intercepted, it has a wide range of application space, so the W-band microwave tube has attracted more and more attention from related researchers. The research object of this paper is high power W band (91-97GHz) folded waveguide TWT and its key technology. Compared with helical slow-wave structure, folded waveguide has obvious advantages in heat dissipation and power capacity. Compared with coupling cavity slow-wave structure, the folded waveguide has much wider operating bandwidth, and has the advantages of simple process and convenient assembly. In this paper, the main process of designing the line wave tube is introduced in detail, including: the theory of the electron optical system is introduced in detail. It includes the working principle and theoretical calculation of the electron gun and the focusing system. The main simulation software, such as ORION,HFSS, is used to model the model separately. After continuous parameter optimization, the simulation results that meet the requirements are given. The core part of TWT, folded waveguide slow wave line, is introduced in detail. The high frequency characteristic of slow wave line is analyzed by the method of equivalent circuit. Based on the simulation results, the influence of each dimension parameter of slow wave line on its high frequency characteristic is explained in detail. Simulation results show that the designed slow-wave line meets our needs in terms of efficiency and bandwidth. Design of energy conveyer and attenuator. The design principle of box window, transition waveguide and attenuator is introduced. The box window is made of sapphire, the transition waveguide is designed by hyperbolic gradient structure, and the attenuator adopts the newly designed E plane tapered structure. The simulation results show that the VSWR of each component is within a reasonable range. Introduction of key techniques for efficiency improvement. The theories of phase velocity gradient technique and multistage step-down collector technique for improving the efficiency of TWT are analyzed respectively. According to its theory, the slow wave line with phase velocity gradient technology is redesigned, and the effectiveness of this technique for efficiency improvement is verified by simulation, and two kinds of four-stage step-down collecting poles with different structures are designed on the basis of the original two-stage step-down collector. The simulation results show that the efficiency of the collector is improved obviously. The physical diagram of the final manufactured TWT and its components are shown, the test results are given and the test results are analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN124

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