基于混合車型公交運營評價與時刻表的優(yōu)化研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-07-06 10:09
【摘要】：隨著中國城市化進程的加快,基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施在不斷改善的同時,越來越多人口涌進城市,給城市交通帶來了巨大的壓力,城市道路交通狀況日趨惡化,增加了社會出行成本,也是城市空氣污染惡化的主要原因之一。目前,交通研究界普遍認為實行公交優(yōu)先戰(zhàn)略能夠有效地解決城市交通所面臨的問題。最近幾年,國務院都向各級單位轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)了關(guān)于促進公交優(yōu)化戰(zhàn)略健康發(fā)展的意見,就進一步提高公交優(yōu)先戰(zhàn)略認識、完善公共交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等方面提出建議,有力地推動了公共交通的發(fā)展。作為城市公共交通的主力,城市公交系統(tǒng)的運營優(yōu)化能夠有效提升公交吸引力,而公交運營優(yōu)化的主要內(nèi)容就是公交時刻表方案的優(yōu)化。本文在分析城市單線路公交運營過程中所存在的問題之后,研究了基于隨機前沿面方法(SFA)的公交時段運營效率評價模型,在時段效率評價結(jié)果分析的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了混合車型公交運營模式,進而構(gòu)建該模式下的時刻表優(yōu)化模型。在基于隨機前沿面方法(SFA)對公交時段運營效率評價模型階段,首先討論了效率定義,并對在效率評價研究中應用廣泛的前沿面方法進行了系統(tǒng)的介紹,其中包括了參數(shù)與非參數(shù)前沿面方法。重點研究了SFA方法在效率評價中的優(yōu)勢與劣勢,并提出采用柯布-道格拉斯生產(chǎn)函數(shù)進行前沿面的構(gòu)建,進而確定了效率評價的方法框架。隨后,針對公交運營過程中客流波動性的特征,對公交的運營進行時段劃分,以時段為決策單元,確定各時段的投入指標與產(chǎn)出指標,并明確了它們的計算方法,進而確定公交運營時段的效率值�；谛试u價結(jié)果分析,研究對公交時刻表優(yōu)化模型的構(gòu)建提出相應的建議。在基于混合車型公交運營模式時刻表優(yōu)化研究階段,本研究首先介紹了不同車型的運營參數(shù)特征,重點考慮了不同尺寸車型運營成本的差異性。然后,結(jié)合經(jīng)典時刻表編制方法,將乘客等待時間成本、車內(nèi)時間成本以及公交車輛運營成本考慮進來,以總成本最低為目標,建立了基于混合車型公交運營模式的時刻表優(yōu)化模型,將公交車輛發(fā)車間隔與及對應的發(fā)車車輛類型納入進時刻表方案,并設(shè)計了模型解決算法。為了確定混合車型公交運營模式的合理性,研究同時還提出了單一車型運營模式(包括了常規(guī)容量車型與小容量車型公交運營模式)的時刻表優(yōu)化模型。文章創(chuàng)新點主要體現(xiàn)在兩方面:首先,將公交運營效率細化至時段,能夠更直觀反映公交運營中存在的問題;其次,提出混合車型公交運營模式,能夠更為靈活地應對公交客流的變化。最后,研究采用上海市公交55路實測數(shù)據(jù),對效率評價模型與時刻表優(yōu)化模型進行實例分析。效率評價階段結(jié)果顯示公交時段運營效率波動性大,其效率值與運載率關(guān)系密切,進而為后續(xù)時刻表的優(yōu)化提供了必要條件。在時刻表優(yōu)化階段,混合車型公交運營模式在累積等待時間與累積總成本方面優(yōu)于單一車型公交運營模式,證明了模型的合理性。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the process of China's urbanization and the continuous improvement of the infrastructure, more and more people come into the city, bring great pressure to the urban traffic, the traffic condition of the urban road is getting worse, and the cost of the social travel is increased. It is also one of the main reasons for the deterioration of urban air pollution. At present, the traffic research community generally believes that the implementation of the public transport priority strategy can effectively solve the problems faced by the urban traffic. In recent years, the State Council has forwarded the opinions on promoting the healthy development of the public transport optimization strategy to all levels, so as to further improve the public transport priority strategy, improve the public transport infrastructure and so on, and vigorously promote the development of public transport. As the main force of the urban public transport, the operation optimization of the urban public transport system can effectively improve the public transport attraction, and the main content of the public transport operation optimization is the optimization of the bus schedule scheme. After analyzing the problems existing in the process of urban single-line bus operation, this paper studies the evaluation model of the operation efficiency of the public transit time period based on the stochastic frontier approach (SFA). On the basis of the analysis of the time-period efficiency evaluation results, a mixed model of bus operation is put forward. And then the time table optimization model in the mode is constructed. In this paper, on the basis of the stochastic frontier approach (SFA), the efficiency definition is first discussed, and a wide range of front face methods are applied to the efficiency evaluation research. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the SFA method in efficiency evaluation are studied, and the method frame of efficiency evaluation is also established by using the Cobb-Douglas production function to construct the front surface. Then, aiming at the characteristics of passenger flow volatility in the course of public transit operation, the time period is divided into the operation of the public transport, the time period is the decision unit, the input index and the output index of each time period are determined, and the calculation method thereof is determined, and the efficiency value of the bus operation period is determined. Based on the analysis of the efficiency evaluation results, the paper puts forward corresponding suggestions on the construction of the bus schedule optimization model. In this paper, the characteristics of operating parameters of different vehicle models are introduced, and the difference of operating cost of different models is given. in that method, the passenger wait time cost, the in-vehicle time cost and the operation cost of the public transport vehicle are taken into consideration in combination with a classical time table preparation method, and the time table optimization model based on the hybrid model bus operation mode is established by taking the total cost as the target, The departure interval of the public transit vehicle and the corresponding departure vehicle type are included in the time table scheme, and the model solving algorithm is designed. In order to determine the rationality of the mixed model bus operation mode, a time table optimization model of the single model operation mode (including the conventional capacity type and the small-capacity type bus operation mode) is also put forward. The innovation point of the article is mainly embodied in two aspects: first, the public transit operation efficiency is refined to a time period, and the problems existing in the public transport operation can be more intuitively reflected; secondly, the hybrid model bus operation mode is proposed, so that the change of the bus passenger flow can be more flexible. Finally, the data of Shanghai Bus 55 is used to analyze the efficiency evaluation model and the time table optimization model. The efficiency evaluation stage shows that the operation efficiency of the public transit period is large, and the efficiency value is closely related to the carrying rate, thus providing the necessary conditions for the optimization of the follow-up time table. In the time table optimization stage, the mixed model bus operation mode is superior to the single model bus operation mode in terms of the accumulated waiting time and the accumulated total cost, and the rationality of the model is proved.
【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.17
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the process of China's urbanization and the continuous improvement of the infrastructure, more and more people come into the city, bring great pressure to the urban traffic, the traffic condition of the urban road is getting worse, and the cost of the social travel is increased. It is also one of the main reasons for the deterioration of urban air pollution. At present, the traffic research community generally believes that the implementation of the public transport priority strategy can effectively solve the problems faced by the urban traffic. In recent years, the State Council has forwarded the opinions on promoting the healthy development of the public transport optimization strategy to all levels, so as to further improve the public transport priority strategy, improve the public transport infrastructure and so on, and vigorously promote the development of public transport. As the main force of the urban public transport, the operation optimization of the urban public transport system can effectively improve the public transport attraction, and the main content of the public transport operation optimization is the optimization of the bus schedule scheme. After analyzing the problems existing in the process of urban single-line bus operation, this paper studies the evaluation model of the operation efficiency of the public transit time period based on the stochastic frontier approach (SFA). On the basis of the analysis of the time-period efficiency evaluation results, a mixed model of bus operation is put forward. And then the time table optimization model in the mode is constructed. In this paper, on the basis of the stochastic frontier approach (SFA), the efficiency definition is first discussed, and a wide range of front face methods are applied to the efficiency evaluation research. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the SFA method in efficiency evaluation are studied, and the method frame of efficiency evaluation is also established by using the Cobb-Douglas production function to construct the front surface. Then, aiming at the characteristics of passenger flow volatility in the course of public transit operation, the time period is divided into the operation of the public transport, the time period is the decision unit, the input index and the output index of each time period are determined, and the calculation method thereof is determined, and the efficiency value of the bus operation period is determined. Based on the analysis of the efficiency evaluation results, the paper puts forward corresponding suggestions on the construction of the bus schedule optimization model. In this paper, the characteristics of operating parameters of different vehicle models are introduced, and the difference of operating cost of different models is given. in that method, the passenger wait time cost, the in-vehicle time cost and the operation cost of the public transport vehicle are taken into consideration in combination with a classical time table preparation method, and the time table optimization model based on the hybrid model bus operation mode is established by taking the total cost as the target, The departure interval of the public transit vehicle and the corresponding departure vehicle type are included in the time table scheme, and the model solving algorithm is designed. In order to determine the rationality of the mixed model bus operation mode, a time table optimization model of the single model operation mode (including the conventional capacity type and the small-capacity type bus operation mode) is also put forward. The innovation point of the article is mainly embodied in two aspects: first, the public transit operation efficiency is refined to a time period, and the problems existing in the public transport operation can be more intuitively reflected; secondly, the hybrid model bus operation mode is proposed, so that the change of the bus passenger flow can be more flexible. Finally, the data of Shanghai Bus 55 is used to analyze the efficiency evaluation model and the time table optimization model. The efficiency evaluation stage shows that the operation efficiency of the public transit period is large, and the efficiency value is closely related to the carrying rate, thus providing the necessary conditions for the optimization of the follow-up time table. In the time table optimization stage, the mixed model bus operation mode is superior to the single model bus operation mode in terms of the accumulated waiting time and the accumulated total cost, and the rationality of the model is proved.
【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.17
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