【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,環(huán)境犯罪也呈井噴式增長,為了防治環(huán)境污染、保護(hù)和改善環(huán)境,我國一直積極打擊環(huán)境犯罪,但是在環(huán)境犯罪法律體系的完善與發(fā)展中,我們卻忽視了環(huán)境犯罪被害人的保護(hù)。環(huán)境犯罪的特殊性決定了被害人的特殊性,他們往往具有被害范圍廣,被害程度深,被害后恢復(fù)能力差,維權(quán)能力弱等特征,這些特征造成了環(huán)境犯罪被害人成為真正的弱勢群體。如果不進(jìn)行及時救助與恢復(fù),會導(dǎo)致一系列惡性后果。 我國現(xiàn)有的環(huán)境犯罪被害人的法律保護(hù)制度的司法實踐歷史相對較短,關(guān)于環(huán)境犯罪被害人法律保護(hù)制度的理論研究尚未十分完善,救濟(jì)水平還未達(dá)到相應(yīng)的高度,環(huán)境犯罪刑事保護(hù)缺乏必要力度,這直接制約著我國環(huán)境犯罪被害人保護(hù)的刑事立法、司法以及行政執(zhí)法水平的提高。 環(huán)境犯罪被害人是指合法權(quán)益直接遭受到環(huán)境犯罪行為侵害的自然人或法人,其法律保護(hù)涉及到刑法的保護(hù)、程序法的保護(hù)和國家補償制度等內(nèi)容。其中刑法保護(hù)的現(xiàn)狀是環(huán)境犯罪被害人保護(hù)的范圍過窄以及環(huán)境犯罪的法定刑偏低,不利于發(fā)揮刑法的預(yù)防犯罪機(jī)能；程序法保護(hù)中的不足主要體現(xiàn)在立案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高、自訴權(quán)和求償權(quán)實現(xiàn)的受限等；國家補償制度的不足體現(xiàn)在立法的缺失。因此,為了更充分的保護(hù)環(huán)境犯罪被害人,有必要擴(kuò)大環(huán)境犯罪被害人刑法的保護(hù)范圍、提高環(huán)境犯罪的法定刑、完善環(huán)境犯罪刑事處罰機(jī)制、完善環(huán)境犯罪被害人的自訴權(quán)和求償權(quán)、完善環(huán)境刑事附帶民事公益訴訟制度、構(gòu)建以環(huán)境犯罪被害人為視角的恢復(fù)性司法制度和構(gòu)建環(huán)境犯罪被害人國家補償制度。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, environmental crime is also growing as a blowout. In order to prevent and control environmental pollution, protect and improve the environment, our country has been actively cracking down on environmental crime, but in the improvement and development of the legal system of environmental crime, we ignore the protection of environmental crime victims. The particularity of environmental crime determines the particularity of victims. They often have the characteristics of wide range of victims, deep degree of being killed, poor recovery ability after being killed, weak ability to protect rights and so on. These characteristics cause the victims of environmental crime to become truly vulnerable groups. If timely rescue and recovery are not carried out, it will lead to a series of vicious consequences. The judicial practice history of the existing legal protection system of environmental crime victims in our country is relatively short, the theoretical research on the legal protection system of environmental crime victims is not very perfect, the relief level has not reached the corresponding height, and the criminal protection of environmental crime is lack of necessary strength, which directly restricts the improvement of criminal legislation, judicature and administrative law enforcement of environmental crime victims protection in our country. The victim of environmental crime refers to the natural or legal person whose legitimate rights and interests are directly infringed by the act of environmental crime. The legal protection of environmental crime involves the protection of criminal law, the protection of procedural law and the national compensation system. Among them, the present situation of criminal law protection is that the scope of environmental crime victim protection is too narrow and the legal punishment of environmental crime is on the low side, which is not conducive to giving full play to the crime prevention function of criminal law; the shortcomings of procedural law protection are mainly reflected in the high standard of filing a case, the limitation of the realization of the right of private prosecution and the right to claim, etc.; the deficiency of the national compensation system is reflected in the lack of legislation. Therefore, in order to protect the victims of environmental crime more fully, it is necessary to expand the scope of protection of the criminal law of victims of environmental crime, improve the legal punishment of environmental crime, improve the criminal punishment mechanism of environmental crime, improve the right of private prosecution and claim of victims of environmental crime, and improve the system of civil public interest litigation attached to environmental crime. To construct the restoration justice system from the perspective of environmental crime victims and to construct the national compensation system for environmental crime victims.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924.3

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